镉胁迫对小麦的影响及小麦对镉毒害响应的研究进展  

Progress of Research on the Effects of Cd^(2+) Stress on Wheat and the Response of Wheat to Cd^(2+)

作　　者：贾夏[1] 周春娟[1] 董岁明[1] 

机构地区：[1]长安大学环境科学与工程学院化工系,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2011年第4期786-792,共7页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(NO.31000222);中央高校基金项目(CHD2009JC144)

摘　　要：镉是植物生长的非必需元素,具有很强的毒性,与其他种类的重金属相比,镉(Cd2+)更易被小麦吸收累积,从而会引起人的健康隐患。本文综述了近年来Cd2+毒害对小麦生长、生理生化及分子生物学水平等方面的影响以及小麦对Cd2+毒害响应的研究进展,主要包括Cd2+毒害对小麦种子萌发、幼苗生长、酶活性、光合作用、可溶性糖和脯氨酸含量、根系分泌物及在遗传损伤效应和蛋白基因表达水平的影响以及小麦对Cd2+的吸收、分配和积累等方面的响应规律,探讨了目前该领域研究中存在的问题,并提出了今后进行大田条件下Cd2+对小麦根际微生态系统影响机制的研究方向,以期为小麦的Cd2+污染控制和合理耕作提供一定的科学依据。Cadmium（Ⅱ） is not an essential element to plant growth and its biotic toxicity is great.Cadmium（Ⅱ） is easily absorbed and accumulated by wheat compared with any other heavy metals,and consequently it would induce danger in human health.This paper reviewed the researches on the effects of cadmium（Ⅱ） on growth,physiology and biochemistry,molecular of wheat and responses of wheat to cadmium（Ⅱ）,with the focus on the effect of cadmium（Ⅱ） on sprouting of wheat seed,growth of wheat seedlings,enzyme activities,photosynthesis,soluble sugar and praline content,plant root exudates,genotoxicity,and protein gene expression and the responses of wheat to cadmium（Ⅱ） absorption,distribution,and accumulation.Thus issues in previous studies were discussed,and the mechanism of effects cadmium（Ⅱ） on wheat rhizosphere microecology under field condition was given as suggestions for future research to provide a scientific basis for Cd2＋ toxicity control and reasonable farming system to wheat.

关 键 词：小麦 镉毒害 生理生化 分子水平 响应规律 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S151.9