一种电波折射订正方法及其在高空风探测中的应用  

Wave refraction revised method and its application in upper-wind sounding

作　　者：李浩[1] 张伟星[1] 卫克晶[1] 李毅[1] 

机构地区：[1]解放军理工大学气象学院,江苏南京211101

出　　处：《解放军理工大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第5期548-554,共7页Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40705020)

摘　　要：为提高无线电测风的精度,在根据二维射线追踪法的基础上,建立了适用于球面分层大气的电波折射高精度在线订正方法,并对电波折射误差及高空风探测误差进行了模拟计算和分析。结果表明,电波折射产生的仰角、斜距和高度误差通常为正值,3类误差均随仰角减小和斜距增大而增大;在低仰角和大斜距的条件下,电波折射误差大于定位设备误差,当仰角低于8°、斜距大于150km时,电波折射产生的仰角误差在0.1°～0.28°、斜距误差在18～68m;随着定位设备性能的提高,电波折射误差成为影响高空风探测精度的主要因子,若忽略定位设备误差,由电波折射引起的风速最大误差达1.6m/s左右;当使用探空资料计算大气折射率时,需考虑探空误差对大气折射率精度的影响。To improve the accuracy of radiowind,the high-precision electromagnetic waves refraction online revised method suitable for spherical stratified atmosphere was established on the basis of the two-dimensional tracing method.The electromagnetic waves refraction error and the upper-wind measurement error were simulated and analyzed,with the following results.First,the electromagnetic waves refractive error produced by elevation,slope and height is usually positive,and these three types of errors increase with the elevation decreasing and the slope distance increasing.Second,the electromagnetic waves refraction error will be greater than the electrical and the mechanical error where there is a low elevation and a large slant range.Third,the elevation error resulted from the electromagnetic waves refraction is between 0.1° and 0.28° and the slant range error is between 18 meters and 68 meters when the elevation angle is less than 8° and the slant range is more than 150 kilometers.Fourth,with the improved performance of the positioning equipment,the electromagnetic waves refraction error will be the main factors influencing the upper-wind sounding accuracy,and ignoring electrical and mechanical errors,the maximum error of wind caused by the electromagnetic waves refraction is about 1.6 m/s.Fifth,the influence of atmospheric sounding data error on the refractive index accuracy should be considered when calculating the atmospheric refractive index when using the sounding data.

关 键 词：无线电测风 电波折射 射线追踪法 目标物定位误差 高空风探测误差 

分 类 号：P412.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]