模拟水田环境下畜禽粪便对氮磷释放的影响  

Characteristics of nitrogen and phosphorus release from animal manure in simulated paddy field

作　　者：雷蕾[1,2] 梁勤爽[2,3] 陈玉成[1,2] 杨志敏[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]三峡库区生态环境教育部重点实验室,重庆400715 [2]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716 [3]重庆市农业资源环境重点实验室,重庆400716

出　　处：《湖南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第5期546-550,共5页Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences)

基　　金：国家"十一.五"科技支撑计划项目(2007BAD87B10-5;2006BAD17B09)

摘　　要：采用持续淹水模拟试验,研究了施用畜禽粪便(猪粪、牛粪和鸡粪)过程中N、P面源污染物的释放特征。结果表明:施用量越大,上覆水和下渗水的N、P释放量越大,且下渗水释放量高于上覆水;上覆水中,牛粪低肥处理的N、P释放能力最强,N、P的单位释放量分别为0.307、0.012 mg/g,下渗水中,鸡粪低肥处理的N释放能力及牛粪低肥处理的P释放能力最强,N、P单位释放量分别为0.946、0.156 mg/g,畜禽粪便单位释放量排序呈低肥处理的高于高肥处理;总氮(TN)的释放率从大到小依次为猪粪、牛粪、鸡粪,而总磷(TP)的释放率从大到小依次为牛粪、猪粪、鸡粪,且3种畜禽粪便均呈现施用量低,N、P释放率高的特征。The simulation test was conducted to investigate nitrogen and phosphorus release status of non-point source pollution with the continuous application of animal manure. The results showed that the greater the application of animal manure the larger the release amount of N and P both in seepage and overlying water. The release of TN and TP in seepage water was always higher than in overlying water. In overlying water, the largest TN, TP emission was caused by soil processed with lower dairy manure, with the release amount per unit weight manure being 0.307 mg/g and 0.012 mg/g respectively. In seepage water, the largest TN emission was caused by soil sample processed with lower chicken manure, with the release amount per unit weight manure being 0.946 mg/g, and the largest TP emission was caused by soil sample processed with lower dairy manure, with the release amount per unit weight manure being 0.156 mg/g. The release amount of N, P per unit was bigger from the sample applied small amount of animal manure. The highest release rate of N appeared in pig manure followed by dairy and chicken manure. The dairy manure showed the highest release rate of P, while chicken manure showed the lowest. The three manure had the same feature that the lower application the stronger the capacity to release N and P.

关 键 词：畜禽粪便 氮 磷 释放 持续淹水 

分 类 号：S141.3[农业科学—肥料学]