乌鲁木齐市四个不同点地衣形态结构及重金属含量的比较研究  

Comparative Study on Morphological Structure and Heavy Metal Content of Lichen Species from Four Sampling Sites of Urumqi,Xinjiang

作　　者：买买提.沙塔尔 马衣拉.莫合买提 阿不都拉.阿巴斯[1] 艾尼瓦尔.吐米尔[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆大学生命科学与技术学院,乌鲁木齐830046

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2011年第9期1685-1690,共6页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30860003)

摘　　要：【目的】探讨地衣形态结构特征、地衣体重金属含量和大气重金属污染三者之间的关系。【方法】采自乌鲁木齐市近郊区花儿沟、仓房沟、西山农场和南山小渠子的丽石黄衣(Xanthoria elegans(Link)Th.Fr)和碎茶渍(Lecanora argopholis(Ach)Ach.)作为实验材料进行形态结构和重金属含量比较并分析与大气污染之间的关系。【结果】4个区域地衣样品形态结构有差异。长势变化程度依次为仓房沟>西山农场>花儿沟>南山小渠子。各采样点丽石黄衣地衣体内重金属含量之间有显著性差异。4个样点重金属综合污染程度依次为仓房沟>西山农场>花儿沟>南山小渠子。【结论】仓房沟是Fe、Mn、Zn和Pb污染区,西山农场是Cr、Mn和Pb污染区,花儿沟是Cr污染区。地衣形态结构特征、地衣体重金属含量和大气重金属污染之间具有显著的相关性,即大气重金属含污量是地衣体重金属含量增减的直接原因,地衣体重金属含量的增加导致地衣形态变化的主要因素之一。大气重金属污染是导致地衣形态变异以及地衣消亡的致命性因素之一。[ Objective ] The purpose of this project was to discuss the relationship between the lichen morphological characters, heavy metal content as well as atmospheric heavy metal pollution. [ Method ] The specimens Xanthoria elegans （Link）Th. Fr and Leeanora argopholis （Ach）Ach. collected from the four sampiing sites which are located in the outskirt area of Urumqi city, Xinjiang, China were taken as experiment materials. They were analyzed and compared with each other by its morphological structure and heavy metal content of lichen as well as relationship with atmospheric heavy metal pollution. [ Result ] There are visible differences between morphological characters of specimens collected the four sampling sites and the change of their growth status varies in turns： Cangfanggou 〉 Xishan Farm 〉 Huaergou 〉 Xiaoquzi. There is significance difference between heavy metal content of Xanthoria elegans from the sampling sites. The general heavy metal pollution degree of four sampling sites is Cangfanggou 〉 Xishan Farm 〉 Huaergou 〉 Xiaoquzi. [ Conclusion ] The conclusions inferred from heavy metal analysis are that Cangfanggou is Fe, Mn, Zn and Pb contaminated site, Xishan Farm is Cr, Mn and Pb contaminated and Huaergou is Cr contaminated site. To sum up, the morphological structure and heavy metal content of lichen are obviously related to the atmospheric heavy metal pollution. Atmospheric heavy metal pollution is one of the vital factors of morphological differentiation, resulting in the extinction of lichen.

关 键 词：地衣 形态结构 重金属 乌鲁木齐 

分 类 号：S19[农业科学—农业基础科学]