水生植物微生物强化系统对日本沼虾养殖水体的生物净化  

Effect of Fortified Aquatic Plants-Microorganisms System on Purifying Macrobrachium nipponense Culturing Water

作　　者：吴伟[1] 瞿建宏[1] 王小娟 许骄阳 钱志林[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院淡水渔业研究中心/中国水产科学研究院内陆渔业生态环境与资源重点开放实验室,江苏无锡214081 [2]无锡绿水之源生物科技有限公司,江苏无锡214023 [3]中国水产科学研究院,北京100039

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2011年第5期108-112,共5页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：无锡院士工作站项目(CYE00907)

摘　　要：通过在池塘水体中栽种以轮叶黑藻(Hydrilla verticillata)为主的水生植物,并添加活菌含量>108 g-1的复合微生物制剂,构建了水生植物-微生物强化系统,研究该系统对日本沼虾(Macrobrachium nipponense)养殖水体的生物净化效果。结果表明,试验40 d时,所添加的1.0 mg.L-1活性微生物可充分依赖水体中水生植物的巨大表面积而形成固定化的生物膜,使得植物区及相邻水体中细菌和真菌数量提高25%～69%,强化水体的净化功能。水生植物-微生物强化系统可通过相互的协同作用,提高对氮、磷和有机物等的利用能力,在促进自身生长的同时,可大幅降低水体中NH4+-N、NO2--N、NO3--N、TP、PO43--P含量,抑制TN、高锰酸盐指数的快速升高,提高水体中溶解氧,竞争藻类生长的资源,使得水体中藻类的丰度有所下降,pH也趋于稳定。研究表明,水生植物-微生物强化系统是一种良好的日本沼虾养殖水体生物净化系统,当水体中添加的微生物质量浓度为1.0 mg.L-1时,适宜的水生植物覆盖率为40%。A fortified aquatic plants-microorganisms system in a Macrobrachium nipponense rearing pond was established by planting Hydrilla verticillata based aquatic plants and then adding a kind of compound microbial preparation,containing at least 108 g-1 viable bacteria,to study effect of the system on purifying the waterbody.Results show that after 40 days,by making full use of the enormous surface area of the aquatic plants,the viable microbes grew and formed a fixed biofilm,thus increasing the number of bacteria and fungi in the plant area and its neighboring waters by 25%-69%,and intensifying the self-purifying effect of the waterbody.Through synergic actions,the fortified aquatic plants-microorganisms system could not only improve utilization of nitrogen,phosphate and organic substances,thus promoting growth of the biological system per se,but also decrease NH＋4-N,NO-2-N,NO-3-N,TP and PO43——P contents in the water,suppress rapid increase in TN and COD,increase dissolved oxygen（DO） and compete with alga for resources for growth,thus lowering abundance of alga in and stabilizing pH of the waterbody.The findings indicate that the fortified aquatic plants-microorganisms system is an effective in-situ biological purification system for Macrobrachium nipponense rearing water.The optimum aquatic plant coverage of the water surface is 40%,when the added compound microbial preparation is 1.0 mg·L-1 in biomass concentration.

关 键 词：水生植物 微生物 日本沼虾 池塘 生物净化 

分 类 号：X52[环境科学与工程—环境工程]