施肥及氮肥用量对杂交油菜氮磷钾吸收量及产量的影响  

The Effect on Fertilization and Proportion of Nitrogenous Fertilizer on the Nutrient Absorption and Output of the Hybrid Rape

作　　者：陈正刚 鲁剑巍[2] 李剑 朱青 柳玲玲 

机构地区：[1]贵州省土壤肥料研究所,贵阳550006 [2]华中农业大学资源与环境学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2011年第22期253-257,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目"绿肥作物生产与利用技术集成研究及示范"(200803029;201103005);公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费项目"冷浸田治理技术研究与示范"(201003059);国家产业技术体系项目"油菜现代产业技术体系建设--营养与施肥岗位"(nycytx-05);加拿大国际植物营养研究所科研项目"贵州旱坡地农业持续发展的养分管理研究"(BFDP.Guizhou.200501);贵州省国际科技合作计划"绿肥作物生产与利用技术集成研究"(黔科合外G字[2010]7035号);贵州省科技基础条件平台项目"喀斯特山区农业资源与环境实验室建设"(黔科条基(2007)2);贵州省科研机构创新能力建设项目"贵州省耕地质量实验室建设"(院所创新能力建设2007-012)

摘　　要：通过田间试验和分析测试,研究施肥和氮肥用量对杂交油菜氮磷钾吸收量和产量的影响。结果表明:施肥提高油菜秸秆、籽粒植株氮、磷钾养分吸收量,吸收量中油菜籽粒所占比例较大。氮、磷、钾、硼肥配合施用(NPKB处理)平均产量为1851.7kg/hm2,与PKB、NKB、NPB处理及农民习惯相比,分别增收油菜籽34.81%、25.40%、17.91%和9.34%,分别提高净收益1797.39、1550.00、966.60、1486.74元/hm2,各肥料增产顺序:N>P>K。氮肥用量与油菜籽产量存在正相关关系,施用氮肥增产26.52%～68.10%。随着氮肥用量的增加,氮肥利用率和农学效益下降,氮肥的经济用量为N180.0kg/hm2,氮肥利用率可达29.19%,农学效益可达3.58。The study researched the effect of fertilization and the proportion of nitrogenous fertilizer on the nutrient absorption and output of the hybrid rape by field experiments and analytical testing.The research revealed that fertilization can promote nutrient and potassic absorption of the hybrid rape ＇ s straw,seeds and plants,most of which was taken up by seeds.The proportional application of nitrogenous,phosphatic,potassic and boron fertilizers（dealt with NPK） led to the average output of 1851.7 kg/hm 2 and the increase rate was 34.81%,25.40%,17.91% and 9.34% compared with the way dealt with PKB,NKB,NPB and the peasants ＇ tradition,increasing the net benefit by 1797.39,1550.00,966.60,1486.74 yuan/hm 2.The efficiency of fertilizers were in order of nitrogen phorsphor potass,while the effect of zinc fertilizer was invisible.The dosage of nitrogenous fertilizer was positively connected with the output of rape seeds which increased by 26.52%～68.10% with nitrogenous fertilizer.While with the increase in the usage of nitrongenous fertilizer,the utilization ratio of which and agricultural benefit would decrease.The economical consumption of nitrogenous fertilizer was N 180.0 kg/hm 2,where the utilization rate of nitrogenous fertilizer was 29.19% and the agricultural benefit was 3.58.

关 键 词：氮肥 施肥 油菜 养分吸收量 

分 类 号：S147.2[农业科学—肥料学]