赴海地执行抗震救灾防疫救援工作的实践与思考  

Practices and Contemplations on Executing Missions of Epidemic Prevention and Relief after Haiti Earthquake in 2010

作　　者：王萍[1] 郭金鹏[1] 孙岩松[1] 宋宏彬[1] 杨振洲[1] 贾瑞忠[1] 黄留玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军疾病预防控制所,北京100071

出　　处：《中国急救复苏与灾害医学杂志》2011年第10期827-829,832,共4页China Journal of Emergency Resuscitation and Disaster Medicine

摘　　要：2010年1月14日海地发生7．3级地震后10d，由多家卫生机构组成的中国医疗防疫救护队境外执行抗震救灾医疗防疫救援任务。面对灾区地震灾情严重、卫生防病形势严峻的现状，有针对性地制定医疗卫生防疫措施，通过震后卫生防病信息收集；有害生物种群调查；水源水质调查与检测；临床诊断传染病疑似病例的检测；传染病确诊病例的流行病学调查；有害生物的控制；环境整治；健康宣教与心理疏导；预防接种等多种医疗防疫措施的实施。为当地培训了一支当地卫生防疫力量；玛依卡代安置点环境卫生明显改善；灾民卫生防病意识普遍提高；疾病监测机制初步建立。总结此次卫生防疫救援工作，制定完善的预案，收集灾区相关资料，构建卫生防疫网络，医疗救援与防疫救援并重，重视救援队员自身的医疗防护保障是医疗防疫救援工作顺利完成的关键。A Richter grade 7 earthquake occurred on 14 January 2010 in Haiti. After the China Internatuional Search and rescue Team, a China Medical and Epidemic Prevention Team composed of medical staff from Nanjing General Hospital of Nanjing Cimmand, Militaty Medical Academy, Second Military Medical University, and Hospiatal No 302 of PLA, was dispatched to work there for 28 days. Arrived at the disaster area 11 days after the earthquake.relevant information was collected instantly after their arrival. Relevant information was collected Four pest monitpring points were set up and identified 9 species of vector, including Culex quinquefasciatus and Anopheles lesteri anthropophagus. The 210 physical and chemical indexes of 6 samples of drinking water were examined. Field rapid detection of multiple pathogens was carried out.Epidemiologieal survey of confirmed infectious diseases, including AIDS, diarrhea, cholera, etc, was conducted. Mosquito killer, fly paper, anti-mosquito incense, pesticide, etc. were used. Several tons of rubbish were moved, toilets were cleaned, and the environment was improved. Eighteen volunteers were recruited and trained to help in the environment control. Helped by interpreters, health education in different forms and psychological counseling were conducted. As a result, a team of epidee prevention composed of local people was established. The environmental hygines was remarkably improved. The awareness of hygiene and disease prevention among the disaster victims was heightened. A primary disease minotoring mechanism was set up. Based on the practice the following experience was acquired： emergency preplan and information are important, a network of hygiene and epidemic prevention should be established. Equal weigh should be put on medical rescue and epidemic prevention rescue. And attention should be paid on the medical security of the staff members of the rescue teams.

关 键 词：地震 防疫救援 实践与思考 

分 类 号：R821[医药卫生—临床医学]