虹鳉透明突变的遗传特征及其组织学观察  

The Genetic Characteristics and Histological Defects in Transparent Mutant of Guppy Poecilia reticulate

作　　者：李凯彬[1] 常藕琴[1] 刘春[1] 王芳[1] 马必勇[1] 梁慧丽[1] 吴淑勤[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所,广州510380

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2011年第5期16-23,共8页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：科技部公益项目(No.2004DIB1J029)

摘　　要：采用杂交方法对虹鳉(Poecilia reticulate)透明性状的遗传规律进行了研究。从F1自交和回交后代的表型分析,该性状由1对等位基因控制,呈隐性遗传,其遗传特征符合孟德尔基因分离定律。采用体视镜观察比较不同表型虹鳉体表色素细胞的差异,并应用石蜡切片和电镜技术对不同表型鱼的皮肤、腹膜等结构进行研究,结果显示,与野生型虹鳉比较,透明个体没有虹彩色素细胞。组织学研究表明,透明虹鳉皮肤和腹膜的结构基本完整,但缺少了虹彩色素细胞层。由于突变个体虹彩色素细胞的缺失,导致光线可透过身体,因而变得透明。虹鳉的透明突变并不致死,也可育,且能稳定遗传。不论幼鱼或成鱼,透明突变体的心、肝、肾、肠、鳔、鳃、脊椎等内部器官可肉眼直接观察,为相关实验提供了极大便利,是进行体内实验研究的优良材料。The transparent mutant of Poecilia reticulate was hybrid with wild type for genetic study.The analysis of offspring phenotype showed that the transparent characteristics was recessively inherent,controlled by an allele in line with Mendelism.Stereomicroscopy was used to examine the types and patterns of chromatophores for each phenotype,and it was found that the transparent mutant exhibited loss of iridophore.The paraffin section examination and electronic microscopy on the skin and peritoneum of guppy showed that the transparent mutant had an intact structure of skin and peritoneum,except for the absence of iridophore layer in contrast to wild-type individual.Reflective iridophore was absent in transparent mutant to the penetration of light,resulting in transparent appearance.The mutants were healthy and fertile,showing a stably genetic trait,and the main internal organs,such as heart,liver,gut,gonads,kidney,gills,and spinal cord,were naked-eye visible in living fish.Therefore,the P.reticulate transparent mutant is an excellent experimental resource for in vivo studies.

关 键 词：虹鳉 透明 虹彩色素细胞 

分 类 号：S917.4[农业科学—水产科学]