异种嫁接的水螅畸形体初步观察  

The Primary Observation of Monster Hydras from Heterograft

作　　者：吴小婷[1] 吴佩玲[1] 汪安泰[1] 吴程琛[2] 邓利[1] 

机构地区：[1]深圳大学生命科学学院,深圳518060 [2]浙江大学农业与生物技术学院,杭州310029

出　　处：《动物学杂志》2011年第5期102-107,共6页Chinese Journal of Zoology

基　　金：深圳大学实验室开放基金项目;深圳大学教学研究B类项目("专题研究型"课题);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(No.2009ZX07101-001;2009ZX07423-003)

摘　　要：把强壮水螅(Hydra robusta)和普通水螅(H.vulgaris)除头后进行异种切口嫁接实验,共获得3例畸形体,对其进行280 d的培养,获得78只畸形子代。追踪观察发现:①畸形体及其无性生殖子代均具有2种钩刺丝囊(强壮水螅钩刺丝囊和普通水螅钩刺丝囊);②其身体伸展时最长达52 mm;③无性出芽生殖的平均生殖周期10 d以上;④个体无性生殖3～8代后凋亡;⑤触手数为4、5和6条的个体分别占80%、10%和10%;⑥不发生有性生殖;⑦切割再生时间长,再生后形态与发育特性同术前个体;⑧外胚层表面出现增生组织,这些增生组织在体柱上发生凋亡或脱离母体后1～2 d解体;内胚层上常有细胞团块脱离身体,进入消化腔。来源于异种水螅嫁接的畸形体上出现的组织增生、细胞脱落等现象揭示了水螅可能具备识别和排斥异种组织的原始免疫机制。Hydra robusta and H.vulgaris were cut transversely in the sub-hypostome region and the basal portion of two hydranth were grafted together.Three kinds of monster hydras,totally 78 individuals were found after 280 days continuous observation,it was shown that： ① monster and its asexual reproduction offspring contained 2 kinds of falcate nematocyst（H.robusta＇ s and H.vulgaris＇ falcate nematocyst）;② its length could reach 52 mm when it stretched its body;③ the average period of asexual gemmation was more than 10 days;④ individuals died after reproducing 3-8 generations;⑤ those who had 4,5 and 6 tentacles consisted of 80%,10% and 10% the individuals respectively;⑥ it had no sexual reproduction;⑦ it needed a relatively long time to regenerate after being cut off.When completing regeneration,both its form and development were as the normal one;⑧ hyperplastic tissue appeared on the surface of its ectoderm,and went to apoptosis on the scapus,or disintegrated 1-2 days after disengaging form matrix;endoderm＇s cellular conglomeration frequently disengaged from the body,entering digestive chambers.The phenomena of hyperplasia and apoptosis appeared on the monster hydra from heterograft showed that hydra might have primitive immune system that can identify and exclude heterogenetic tissues.

关 键 词：水螅 异种嫁接 畸形体 无性出芽生殖 

分 类 号：Q954[生物学—动物学]