呼中林区不同森林采伐方式对林火的长期影响模拟  

Simulating long-term effects of different harvesting modes on forest fire in Huzhong Forest Region,northeastern China

作　　者：陈宏伟[1] 胡远满[1] 常禹[1] 布仁仓[1] 李月辉[1] 刘淼[1] 

机构地区：[1]森林与土壤生态国家重点实验室中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2011年第5期13-19,共7页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31070422、40871245);中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA0505020X)

摘　　要：采用空间直观景观模型(LANDIS)模拟大兴安岭呼中林区在无采伐和皆伐、二次渐伐和择伐共4种预案下300年内森林可燃物与林火特征的变化。结果表明:采伐降低了森林细可燃物的载量,但不同采伐方式之间没有明显的差别;采伐增加了粗可燃物的载量,皆伐方式增加最明显;采伐导致了林火面积和火烧频率的增加,增加了森林的起火可能性,择伐方式下森林的起火可能性最低;采伐提高了森林的火险等级,择伐方式下森林的火险等级最低。因此,建议森林管理者在采伐量一定的条件下采用择伐方式,降低人类采伐活动和林火对森林生态系统的干扰,进而促进森林生态系统健康稳定的发展。By using a spatially explicit landscape model（LANDIS）,we simulated the long-term（within 300 years） dynamics of forest fire regime under four scenarios of harvesting modes,i.e.,no cutting,clear cutting,gradual cutting and selective cutting,in the Huzhong Forest Region in Da Xing＇an Ling Mountains.Results show that forest harvesting could decrease fine fuel loads,but no significant difference occurs among various harvesting modes.Forest harvesting could increase coarse fuel loads,with the largest increase under clear cutting scenario.In addition,forest harvesting could increase the area and frequency of forest fire as well as the fire occurrence probability.Fire occurrence probability under selective cutting scenario was the lowest.Moreover,forest harvesting could increase the fire risk class,which was the lowest under selective cutting scenario.We suggest that selective cutting mode should be taken under same cutting volume in order to decrease the influence of forest harvesting and fire disturbance on forest ecosystems and hence,to guarantee the healthy and sustainable development of forest ecosystems in this region.

关 键 词：采伐方式 林火 空间直观景观模型 皆伐 渐伐 择伐 

分 类 号：S718.51[农业科学—林学]