导入热带种质的温带玉米自交系的利用潜力  

Utilization Potential of the Temperate Maize Inbreds Integrated with Tropical Germplasm

作　　者：陈洪梅[1,2] 汪燕芬[2] 姚文华[2] 罗黎明[2] 李佳莉 徐春霞[2] 番兴明[2] 郭华春[1] 

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学农业与生物技术学院,云南昆明650201 [2]云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,云南昆明650205 [3]云南省曲靖市农业科学研究所,云南曲靖655000

出　　处：《作物学报》2011年第10期1785-1793,共9页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：云南省重点新产品开发计划项目(2010BB006);云南省技术创新人才培养计划项目(2010CI074)资助

摘　　要：用5个热带及亚热带玉米自交系和5个导入热带种质并经连续回交改良的温带玉米自交系,采用Griffing双列杂交方法III杂交,共配制90个杂交组合。2008年和2009年以大面积推广杂交种云瑞6号为对照,对供试自交系进行配合力、杂种优势及利用潜力研究。结果表明,导入热带种质并经连续回交改良的温带玉米自交系YML598、YML58的多数性状一般配合力效应为极显著正值,在杂交育种中具有较大的利用潜力;单株产量配合力效应值与诸多产量影响因素的配合力效应值密切相关,雌雄间隔期、秃尖与单株产量呈负相关,而其他性状与单株产量呈正相关;产量对照优势H≥10%的组合大多为热带、亚热带种质×改良温带种质,单株产量特殊配合力效应为极显著正值的组合均为热带、亚热带种质×改良温带种质,说明热带、亚热带玉米种质与经热带种质改良后的温带玉米种质之间仍具有较强的杂种优势,且导入热带种质的温带系与热带、亚热带供体系的杂种优势仍然存在,其所属的杂种优势群并未改变。以热带、亚热带玉米种质为供体,采用连续回交的方法改良温带玉米自交系是利用热带、亚热带玉米种质的有效方法。A diallel mating experiment was conducted using ten maize lines, which consisted of five tropical, subtropical maize inbreds and five temperate maize inbreds developed by consecutive backcross and introducing tropical germplasm. Totally, ninety crosses were made based on Griffing method III. The objectives of this study were to evaluate： （1） combining ability of the ten lines; （2） heterosis and heterotic performance of these crosses between the temperate lines integrated with tropical germplasm and the same tropical lines. Ninety crosses were evaluated in Kunming, Yunnan province in 2008 and 2009. One local elite hybrid Yunrui 6 was used in the trials as a check. The results showed that the inbreds integrated with tropical germplasm YML598 and YML58 had highly significant GCA effects in most traits, which should have high use potential in maize hybrid breeding programs. And it was found that combining ability for grain yield was closely related to combining ability for most of yield component factors, yield per plant had positive correlation with most of traits except anthesis silking interval and round tip. And it was showed that most of hybrids with relative heterosis H ≥10% and highly significant SCA effects for yield per plant were the crosses between tropical subtropical lines and temperate lines, which suggested that the five tropical sub-tropical inbreds and five temperate inbreds still belonged to their previous heterotic group respectively, and their heterosis did not be changed. Thus, using tropical subtropical lines as donor, backcrossing consecutively with temperate lines may be an effective way to improve the latter.

关 键 词：玉米 回交 一般配合力效应 特殊配合力效应 对照优势 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]