油菜不同氮素籽粒生产效率品种氮素积累与分配特征  

Nitrogen Accumulation and Distribution in Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) with Different Nitrogen Utilization Efficiencies for Grain Production

作　　者：左青松[1] 葛云龙[1] 刘荣[1] 殷璀艳[1] 唐瑶[1] 杨光[1] 冷锁虎[1] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室/农业部长江中下游作物生理生态与栽培重点开放实验室,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《作物学报》2011年第10期1852-1859,共8页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31000685);扬州大学科技创新培育基金项目(2009CXJ028)资助

摘　　要：2007—2008年度以98个甘蓝型常规油菜品种(系)为材料,在不施氮肥(N0)和施纯氮150kghm–2(N1)2个处理下,通过测定成熟期不同器官干重、氮素含量,采用组内最小平方和动态聚类方法对供试品种的氮素籽粒生产效率(NUEg)聚类并分析其氮素积累与分配差异。结果表明,不同品种氮素籽粒生产效率差异较大,类型间差异极显著。不同类型品种随着氮素籽粒生产效率增加,产量增加。相关分析表明,氮素籽粒生产效率与成熟期氮素吸收总量之间相关不显著(rN0=–0.0245,rN1=–0.1131),与成熟期茎秆氮素分配比例(rN0=–0.5941**,rN1=–0.4141**)和果壳氮素分配比例(rN0=–0.6007**,rN1=–0.5374**)呈极显著负相关,与籽粒氮素分配比例(rN0=0.7954**,rN1=0.7239**)呈极显著正相关;与成熟期总籽粒数呈极显著正相关(rN0=0.5945**,rN1=0.5412**)。氮素籽粒生产效率和氮素吸收总量对产量都有显著影响,油菜品种的选育应在一定氮素吸收总量基础上,促进后期氮素从营养器官向籽粒中输送,提高氮素籽粒生产效率,从而达到高产和高氮素利用效率的统一。In this study, 98 conventional rapeseed （Brassica napus L.） varieties were grown with N0 treatment （0 kg N ha-1） and N1 treatment （60 kg N ha-1） in 2007-2008. Dry matter weight and content of nitrogen were tested at maturing stage. The rapeseed varieties were classified into six types based on their nitrogen use efficiency for grain production （NUEg） by the MinSSw method. The results showed that differences of NUEg in the varieties used in this study were significant. As NUEg increased, yield increased. The correlation analysis showed that NUEg was not significantly correlated with total amount nitrogen accumulation （rN0= -0.0245, rN1= -0.1131）. NUEg had extremely significantly positive correlation with nitrogen distribution ratios in stems （rN0= -0.5941＊＊, rN1= -0.4141＊＊） and shells （rN0= -0.6007＊＊, rN1= -0.5374＊＊）, but extremely significantly negative correlation with the amount of nitrogen in seeds （rN0=0.7954＊＊, rN1=0.7239＊＊）. NUEg had extremely significantly positive correlation with total number of seeds also （rN0=0.5945＊＊, rN1=0.5412＊＊）. NUEg and total amount of nitrogen accumulation influenced yield significantly. Cultivar breeding should be based on a certain total amount of nitrogen accumulation, and promote nitrogen to transport from vegetative organs to seeds, so as to achieve high yield and high nitrogen efficiency in rapeseed production.

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 氮素籽粒生产效率 氮素积累 氮素分配 

分 类 号：S565.4[农业科学—作物学]