氮肥运筹和秸秆还田对直播稻氮素利用和产量的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Regimes and Returning Straw on N Availability and Forming Yield of Direct-sowing Rice

作　　者：赵锋[1] 程建平[1] 张国忠[2] 徐得泽[1] 吴建平[1] 吴继洪[3] 杨兆林[3] 马焕新 

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,武汉430064 [2]华南农业大学南方农业机械与装备关键技术省部共建教育部重点实验室,广州510642 [3]湖北省荆门市农业技术推广中心,湖北荆门44800 [4]广西钦州农业学校,广西钦州535000

出　　处：《湖北农业科学》2011年第18期3701-3704,共4页Hubei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重大科技专项资助项目(2006BAD02A02)

摘　　要：为揭示精量穴直播栽培过程中不同氮肥运筹和秸秆还田对水稻产量与氮肥利用的作用机制,研究在氮肥施用总量相等的情况,考察氮肥以基肥、分蘖肥、穗肥不同施用比例以及油菜秸秆还田作基肥对水稻生长的茎蘖动态、光能利用、氮肥吸收以及产量构成的影响。结果表明,提高后期氮肥的施用比例(氮肥后移),能显著降低无效分蘖的数量、提高功能叶叶绿素含量、LAI和光合速率,灌浆期叶片氮含量和植株氮积累量明显提高;采用油菜秸秆还田显著提高了水稻光合速率(灌浆期)和千粒重。增大穗肥在氮肥施用总量中的比例或以油菜秸秆还田部分代替氮肥施用可显著提高直播水稻群体光合效率和提高氮肥的利用率,最终取得高产。A field study was conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen regimes and returning straw into paddy on the yield and nitrogen utilization of rice in the process of mechanical precise-quantity hill-drop drilling application.Based on the same amount of nitrogen fertilizer,rice growth dynamics,light usage,nitrogen accumulation and yield components were examined when the fertilizer was applied by different ratios among the base fertilizers,tiller fertilizer and panicle fertilizer,and whether rape straw returning was applied as base fertilizer.The results showed that increasing the percentage of ear fertilizer ratio could decrease ineffective tiller number,but increase chlorophyll content in function leaves,LAI,and photosynthetic rate.The photosynthetic rate at filling-grain stage and 1 000-grain weight increased when the straw was returned into paddy as based fertilizer.Both increasing the application percentage of ear fertilizer and replacing the nitrogen fertilizer partially with rape straw as based fertilizer could increase the photosynthetic efficiency and nitrogen utilization rate of direct-sowing rice,and could lead to higher yield.

关 键 词：氮肥运筹 秸秆还田 直播稻 产量形成 氮素利用 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学]