海南夏季雷暴时空分布特征及成因  

Characteristics and Possible Causes of Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Summer Thunderstorms in Hainan

作　　者：郭冬艳[1,2] 翟盘茂[3] 姜涛 林建兴[2] 辛吉武[2] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学大气科学学院 [2]海南省气象台 [3]中国气象科学研究院 [4]解放军92830部队气象处

出　　处：《气象科技》2011年第5期562-568,共7页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金课题"琼州海峡大风规律及预报方法研究"(40765002);中国气象局气象新技术推广预报员专项"海南闪电资料分析应用及雷电预报预警方法"(CMATG2009YB07);海南省重点科技项目"琼州海峡大风预报系统"(070302)共同资助

摘　　要：利用海南18个市县雷暴资料、海南地形高度资料、海南日最高气温资料、海口和三亚2个测站日辐射观测资料和海南中尺度乡镇自动站逐时风资料等,研究海南夏季雷暴时空分布特征及可能原因。结果表明:海南大部分地区夏季雷暴主要发生在白天,集中发生在午后,只有以三亚为代表的南部地区表现出雷暴主要发生在夜间,与其余地区相反。研究认为这种差异与海陆风切变密切相关;日最高气温和地形对海南雷暴的时空分布影响明显;太阳辐射与海口地区的雷暴日分布相关性较好;海口地区热通量可以在一定程度上反映雷暴活动的季节分布特征,全天热通量鲍恩比与雷暴活动的反相关性远高于正午时刻的反相关性。Based on daily thunderstorm data,topography data,temperature data in Hainan for the period of 1966 to 2005 and radiosonde data from 2004 to 2006,the possible causes of the spatial and temporal distribution patterns of summer thunderstorm in Hainan are analyzed.The results show that：（1） In most parts of Hainan,thunderstorms mostly occur around afternoon time,while in Sanya thunderstorms happen mainly in night time.（2） The land-sea breeze convection shear induces thunderstorms frequently in summer in north and west coast areas,and thunderstorm mainly occurs at afternoon,whose main reason is the convection of the local northerly from sea and large-scale southerly.In Sanya,thunderstorms mainly happen at night because of the convection of the local northerly from land-sea breeze and the southerly of the large-scale environment in nighttime,but not in the daytime.（3） Thunderstorms are closely in associated with the local heat convection in the northern inner land and the western Hainan.Topography also shapes the spatial distribution of thunderstorms.The activities of thunderstorms in the Wuzhishan mountain area are more frequenlt than those in other areas around.Topography also affects the daily distribution of thunderstorms,mainly in north of the Wuzhishan mountain.（4） The seasonal distribution of thunderstorms in Hainan is mainly influenced by radiation in the Haikou area.（5） The heat fluxes can well account for the seasonal variation of thunderstorm activities in the Haikou area;and the anti-correlation between thunderstorm days and Bowen ratio（ratio of sensible to latent heat flux） of the whole-day heat flux is much higher than that at noon.

关 键 词：夏季雷暴 分布特征 成因 

分 类 号：P425.55[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]