基于组网天气雷达的台风定位方法探讨  

Typhoon Location in Landing Period Based on Three Dimensional Mosaics of Reflectivity

作　　者：张勇[1] 刘黎平[1] 张志强[1] 仰美霖[2] 江源[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室,北京100081 [2]北京市气象局,北京100089

出　　处：《气象科技》2011年第5期587-595,共9页Meteorological Science and Technology

基　　金：气象行业专项"热带西太平洋观测试验与我国高影响天气可预报性研究项目"资助

摘　　要：利用组网天气雷达格点反射率因子确定登陆台风的中心位置,根据台风的反射率因子表现出对称特征,提出一种简单的定位方法———相关法,该方法具有较高的时间分辨率,能对临近登陆台风连续定位。通过2008年台风"黑格比"与2009年台风"天鹅"两个实例验证了该方法的可行性。结果表明:该方法能较好地确定台风中心位置,以中央气象台给出的结果作为标准,绝对误差在15km以内。利用径向速度确定台风中心的定位结果与相关法的结果进行了比较,并指出两种方法的优缺点:前者主要受到探测距离和处理速度模糊的限制,后者主要依赖于台风眼区及其周围具有较为典型台风的完整回波结构;前者只要对台风眼区具有较好的水平环流就可以确定台风中心位置,后者则可以避免处理速度模糊的问题和具有较好的观测范围。对于天气雷达在确定台风中心方面的应用,考虑到各种定位算法上的一些限制,业务上最好考虑采用人机交互的方式来确定台风的中心位置。According to the symmetrical characteristic of reflectivity factor,a simple method-correlation method is developed based on the reflectivity data from the radar network,which can locate the typhoon eye in the landing period with a high temporal resolution.Two cases,HAGUPIT and GONI,are chosen to examine the proposed algorithm.The results show that the method is better with the absolute error within 15 km compared with that of the Central Meteorological Office of CMA.Another method using radial velocity to locate the center of a typhoon is compared with this method.The advantages and disadvantages between the radial velocity method and the method-correlation method are analyzed： the former is restricted by the observing range and the processing of velocity aliasing;the later was restricted by the integrity of echo structure around the eye of a typhoon,but it can avoid dealing with the velocity aliasing.Considering various problems,it is better to use the way of human-machine interaction to locate the center of a typhoon.

关 键 词：组网天气雷达 台风定位 相关法 反射率因子 

分 类 号：P458.124[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]