四种类型公共场所从业人员烟草暴露与控烟状况调查  

Tobacco Smoking Exposure of Employees and the Status of Smoking Control in Four Types of Public Places

作　　者：刘波[1] 杨冬梅[1] 滕秀全[1] 高静[1] 董静[1] 郑旭[1] 邹赤群[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市通州区疾病预防控制中心公共卫生科,101100

出　　处：《中国慢性病预防与控制》2011年第5期468-470,共3页Chinese Journal of Prevention and Control of Chronic Diseases

摘　　要：目的了解公共场所从业人员的烟草暴露与控烟现况,为开展公共场所有效控烟工作提供依据。方法 2009年10月方便抽取北京市通州区洗浴、餐饮、歌厅、网吧共45家,随机选取公共场所从业人员507人独立填答无记名调查问卷。结果问卷有效应答率93.5%(n=474)。四类公共场所从业人员的总吸烟率为42.2%,男性(69.5%)高于女性(8.5%),差别有统计学意义(χ2=178.624,P<0.001)。3.4%的调查者尝试过吸烟,16岁～组和小学文化程度以下者尝试吸烟率稍高,分别为5.2%和10.0%;40～53岁的戒烟率较高,达27.8%。四类公共场所从业人员被动吸烟率为62.0%,男(55.0%)、女(64.9%)被动吸烟率差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.381,P=0.123)。女性被动吸烟暴露程度较男性严重(χ2=8.272,P=0.016)。四类公共场所均有销售卷烟现象。11.6%的从业人员不清楚其工作场所对吸烟的规定,且69.7%的从业人员没看见或没注意过在禁烟场所吸烟被处罚。只有14.2%的顾客能遵守吸烟规定。如果顾客在非吸烟区吸烟,74.8%的从业人员特别是非吸烟者和文化程度较高的从业人员更易于上前制止吸烟。85.0%的从业人员认为在工作场所开展完全禁烟的困难是顾客难以配合。结论休闲娱乐类公共场所从业人员的吸烟率和被动吸烟率均很高。Objective To know the exposure of tobacco smoking among employees and the status of smoking control in four types of public places. Methods 507 of employees working in different 45 public places, selected by convenience sampling from bath centers, restaurants, karaoke bars and internet bars in Tongzhou district of Beijing, were randomly selected and investigated with anonymous questionnaire in October 2009. Results Response rate of questionnaire was 93.5% （n=474）. The total smoking rate of the employees was 42.2%, 69.5% in male and 8.5% in female （X2-178.624, P〈0.001）. The rate of attempting smoking among the employees was about 3.4%, and was higher in subjects aged under 20yrs （5.2%） and with low education background （10.0%）; the quitting smoking rate was higher in the subjects aged 40-53 yrs （27.8%）. The passive smoking rate was 62.0%, 55.0% in male and 64.9% in female （X2=2.381, P=0.123）, but the exposure degree of female was relatively higher （X2=8.272, P=0.016）. The cigarettes sold in all of the public places. Moreover, 11.6% of the workers didn＇t know the＇ no-smoking＇ rules at their workplaces and 69.7% had never seen smoking being criticized or punished in ban smoking areas. Only 14.2% of the subjects abided the ＇no-smoking＇ rules. If some people smoked in ban smoking areas, 74.8% of the subjects, particularly of those no-smoking people and with high education, claimed that they would go to stop the smoking. However, 85% of the subjects considered that ＇no-smoking＇ completely in workplace was difficult to implement due to no-coordination of smokers. Conclusion The total smoking and passive smoking rate of workers at the public places was all relatively higher, it is necessary to reinforce the law.

关 键 词：吸烟 被动吸烟 烟草 公共场所 公共场所从业人员 控烟 

分 类 号：R163[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]