微咸水造墒对棉花生长发育及产量的影响研究  

Effects of Irrigation with Brackish Water before Sowing on Growth and Yield in Cotton

作　　者：张俊鹏[1] 李科江[2] 孙景生[1] 冯棣[1] 马俊永[2] 郑春莲[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,农业部作物需水与调控重点开放实验室,河南新乡453003 [2]河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所,河北衡水053000

出　　处：《灌溉排水学报》2011年第5期33-36,共4页Journal of Irrigation and Drainage

基　　金：国家棉花现代产业技术体系建设专项经费;“十一五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BADA3B05)

摘　　要：采用小区对比试验方法,研究了河北低平原区旱地等雨播种(HD)、播前淡水造墒(S1)以及矿化度为2.2g/L(S2.2)和5g/L(S5)微咸水造墒等不同处理对棉花生长发育和产量的影响。结果表明,棉花生育期内HD处理0～100cm土壤含水率明显低于3种造墒处理;S5处理0～40cm土壤盐分含量最高,但降雨淋洗效果较为显著,脱盐率达到48.33%。S2.2处理棉花的株高、茎粗和叶面积等生长发育指标及产量水平与S1处理差异不显著;S5处理对棉花的出苗率影响显著,但未对产量形成显著影响;HD处理的生育进程始终较S1处理晚7～9d,对棉花的生长性状和产量构成要素均造成一定程度的影响,其籽棉产量比S1、S2.2和S5处理分别降低了15.50%、15.42%和15.83%,差异达极显著水平。与旱地等雨植棉技术相比,该区采用2个矿化度水平的微咸水造墒植棉技术推广价值更高。该研究为河北低平原区浅层微咸水的高效利用提供了依据。Effects of sowing after rain with no irrigation（HD）,irrigation before sowing with fresh water（S1）,and brackish water whose saline salinity was respectively 2.2 g/L（S2.2） and 5 g/L（S5） on growth and yield of cotton were studied by plot comparative trial.Results showed that soil water content in HD treatment in 0 to 100 cm depth in soil layer in cotton growth period was significantly lower than three treatments of irrigation before sowing.The soil salt content in S5 treatment in 0 to 40 cm depth in soil layer was the highest,while salt rejection rate was 48.33% after rain-leaching.There was no significant difference in growth indexes involved plant height,stem diameter,leaf area,etc.and yields of cotton in S2.2 and S1.The S5 treatment had a significant effect on the emergence rate of cotton,but it did not affect on the yield of cotton significantly.The growing process in HD was 7 to 9 d later than S1,which did has adverse effects on growth traits and yield components of cotton.Compared with S1,S2.2 and S5 treatments,seed cotton yield in the HD treatment was decreased significantly by 15.50%,15.42% and 15.83%,respectively.Thereby,cotton cropping with brackish water mentioned above had more advantages over HD.This study could provide Hebei lowland plain with guidance in efficient use of shallow brackish water.

关 键 词：淡水 微咸水 造墒 旱地 棉花 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]