不同育秧方式对水稻苗床CH4排放的影响  

Effects of seedling raising method on CH_4 emissions from a rice nursery

作　　者：刘树伟[1] 邹建文[1] 张令[1] 王浩成[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学,江苏省低碳农业与温室气体减排重点实验室,南京210095

出　　处：《中国科技论文在线》2011年第9期677-682,共6页

基　　金：高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金资助项目(200803071010)

摘　　要：以施用不同类型氮肥(分为无机氮肥、有机农家肥以及有机和无机氮肥混合施用3个处理)下的水稻苗床为研究对象,采用静态箱-气相色谱法原位观测研究了水稻育秧方式(分为常规的水育和旱育秧方式)对水稻苗床期CH4排放的影响。结果表明:与常规水育秧方式相比,目前推广采用的旱育秧方式显著提高了秧苗素质和生长性状(P<0.01),移栽秧苗的平均株高、单株子叶数和百株生物量干重分别提高了6.6%、22.9%和27.8%。常规水育和旱育秧方式下CH4的平均排放通量分别为14.61和8.55 mg/(m2.h),旱育方式相对于常规的水育显著降低了CH4排放(P<0.05)。与无机氮肥施用方式相比,有机肥以及无机和有机氮肥混合施用促进了整个苗床期CH4累计排放量。相对于无机氮肥施用,常规水育和旱育秧方式下混合施用和有机氮肥施用处理的CH4累计排放量分别增加了13.1%、45.4%和138.9%、222.7%。综上,水稻旱育秧方式结合无机氮肥施用的水稻育苗管理措施更有助于培育壮苗和减缓苗床期CH4排放。By establishing rice nursery beds distinguished by different N fertilizer sources（inorganic N source/organic N source/combining inorganic and organic N fertilization）,using the static chamber method,a split-plot experiment for in situ measurement of CH4 fluxes was performed to study the effects of rice seedling raising methods（conventional paddy-raised seedling method/dryland-raised seedling method） on CH4 emissions during a whole rice seedling raising duration.The results indicated that,relative to the paddy-raised nursery method,dryland-raised nursery method significantly enhanced seedling qualities（P0.01） in terms of seedling height,leaf number per seedling plant and dry weight of 100 seedlings,which increased by 6.6%,22.9% and 27.8% upon seedling transplanting,respectively.CH4 fluxes averaged 8.55 and 14.61 mg/（m2.h） during the whole rice nursery duration under paddy-raised and dryland-raised seedling methods,respectively.As compared to the dryland-raised method,CH4 emissions were significantly enhanced（P〈0.05） under paddy-raised nursery conditions.In addition,by contrast with inorganic N source,organic N and combining inorganic/organic N fertilization promoted CH4 emissions,which increased by 45.4%,13.1% and 222.7%,138.9% under conventional paddy-raised and dryland-raised nursery conditions,respectively.Hence,dryland-raised rice seedling method in combination of inorganic N fertilization in the present study is testified to be an optimizing alternative for building robust rice seedlings but simultaneously decreasing CH4 emissions in rice production.

关 键 词：CH4 水稻苗床 育秧方式 稻作生态系统 有机和无机氮肥施用 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]