阿尔山地区兴安落叶松林下植物种群生态位  

Niche of Main Understory Populations of Larix gmelinii Rupr Forest in A'ershan Area

作　　者：李菁[1] 骆有庆[1] 石娟[1] 马凌云 陈超 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护实验室,北京100083 [2]内蒙古阿尔山林业局森林病虫害防治站,内蒙古阿尔山137801

出　　处：《林业科学研究》2011年第5期651-658,共8页Forest Research

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项项目(200904029);北京林业大学中芬合作项目"Biodiversity and Forest Pests Problem in Northeast China(BIOPROC 1114201)";中央高校基本科研业务费专项(TD2010-4)

摘　　要：将由林龄(AG)、海拔(AL)以及物种数目(IS)组合而成的综合资源位指数(RGI)作为资源轴的划分标准,应用Levins(B(sw)i)和Shannon-Wiener(B(L)i)生态位宽度指数,生态位重叠指数(Lih和Lhi)以及生态位相似性比例指数(Cih)等将阿尔山地区不同起源的兴安落叶松林(天然林、人工林及火烧迹地恢复林)划分为6个资源位,在此基础上进行群落调查,对林下植物种群的生态位进行了定量分析。结果表明:兴安苔草和黑麦草的重要值最大,不同资源位重要值之和达到114.924 8%和70.911 1%。生态位宽度较大的有北方拉拉藤、粗根老鹳草、黑麦草及兴安苔草,这些物种适应能力强,分布范围大,倾向于泛化种。生态位狭小的植物种群则可能成为林区进行植物多样性保护的重点,需要引起特别关注。本研究证实生态位宽度较大种群与其他种群存在较大的生态位重叠和相似性,而这在某些重要值较低且生态位宽度较窄的种群也会出现(如铁杆蒿、黄花委陵菜及巴天酸模),生态位重叠和相似性并非仅仅取决于生态位宽度。生态位重叠既能反映两种群在共享资源时的竞争关系,也能反映两者在利用资源时相互促进的关系。生态位宽度较大的植物种可作为植被恢复阶段的先锋种,而与其生态位重叠较大的物种以及与先锋种生态位相似性比例较小的物种则可作为伴生种,以便于充分利用环境资源,逐步恢复受损地区的植被。The Dahurian larch, Larix gmelinii （ Rupr. ） Rupr. , forests with different origins （ natural forests, man - made forests and burned forests） in A＇ ershan area were divided into six resource gradients using Resource Gradient Index （RGI）. The index is composed by stand age （AG） , stand altitude （AL） , and species individual （SI）. After community investigation, the niche breadth （B~,w）i and B^L〉i ）, niche overlap （Lzh and Lhi ） and niche similarity of dominant understory populations （ Cih ） were derived by quantitative analysis. The sum of importance values of Carex chinga^nsis Litw. and Loliumperenne L. were the highest, 114. 924 8% and 70. 911 1%, respectively. Geranium dahuricum DC. , Galium boreale L. , C. chinganensis Litw. and L. perenne L. had the largest niche breadth. These species had high adaptability, broad habitats, and inclined to be generalist species. The studies showed that the populations with larger niche breadth had relatively larger niche overlap and similarity in resource utilization. However, some species such as Artemisia sacrorum Ledeb. , Potentilla chrysantha Trey. and Rumex patientia L. had smaller importance value and niche breadth, but relatively higher niche overlap and similarity. Therefore, niche breadth is not the only determinant of niche overlap and similarity. In addition, both the competition in sharing re- sources and the mutual promotion in utilizing resources of two populations could be reflected by the niche overlap. The species with large niche breadth can function as the pioneer species in artificial vegetation recovery, while the species with high niche overlap can function as accompanying species to fully utilize environmental resources, so that the forest vegetation that had been damaged could be gradually recovered.

关 键 词：兴安落叶松 林下植物 生态位宽度 生态位重叠 生态位相似性 林业实践 

分 类 号：S718[农业科学—林学]