不同土壤质地对棉花成铃时空分布及产量的影响  

Effects of soil texture on spatial-temporal distribution of bolls and yield of cotton

作　　者：马宗斌[1] 龚亚飞[1] 韩敏 李伶俐[1] 朱伟[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南农业大学农学院,河南郑州450002 [2]信阳市环保局环境监测站,河南信阳464000

出　　处：《河南农业大学学报》2011年第5期497-501,共5页Journal of Henan Agricultural University

基　　金：河南省重点科技攻关项目(092102110130)

摘　　要：2008—2009年在黄河流域棉区,采用池栽方法研究了3种土壤质地对棉花成铃时空分布及产量的效应.结果表明,土壤质地对棉花成铃时空分布和产量有一定影响.与黏土和壤土相比,棉花种植在沙土上,尽管在中下部果枝上的成铃数较少,但占总铃数的比例较高;在果枝内围果节上的成铃数较少,但占总铃数的比例也较高;伏前桃和伏桃占总桃数的比例最大,而早秋桃和晚秋桃数占总桃数的比例最低.壤土种植的棉花单位面积成铃数最多,铃重最大,衣分最高,子棉和皮棉产量也最高.沙土种植的棉花最低,黏土种植的棉花居中.从2008—2009年的平均值来看,壤土种植的棉花皮棉产量分别比黏土处理和沙土处理增加6.10%和38.76%.沙土处理棉花产量较低主要原因是成铃数显著降低,其次是铃重显著下降.Pool-culture experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil texture （clay,loam, sandy） on spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of bolls and yield of cotton in 2008 and 2009. The resuits showed the soil texture had some effect on spatial-temporal distribution of bolls and yield of cotton and the number of bolls setting on the fruit branches of the mid-lower part and the inner fruit nodes of cotton were the lowest, but the ratio of that to the number of total boils were the highest in the sandy soil treatment compared with that of clay soil and loam soil treatments. Also the ratio of bolls before July 15th and from July 15 to Aug. 16 to the number of total bolls were the highest, but the ratio of boils from Aug. 16 to Aug. 25 and after Aug. 25 to the number of total boils were the lowest in the sandy soil treatment. The number of mature bolls in unit area, the average boll weight, the lint percent, the seed cotton yield and lint yield of cotton in unit area were the highest when cotton was cultivated in loam soil, which was the lowest when cultivated in sandy soil, and the middle in clay soil. When cotton was cultivated in loam soil, the lint yield was 6.10% and 38.76% higher than that of clay soil and sandy soil, respectively. Lower bolls number and lower boll weight were the main reasons for the deerease of cotton yield in the sandy soil.

关 键 词：土壤质地 棉花 成铃时空分布 产量 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]