冬季堆肥中翻堆和覆盖对温室气体和氨气排放的影响  

Effect of turning and covering on greenhouse gas and ammonia emissions during the winter composting

作　　者：江滔[1,2] Frank Schuchardt 李国学[2] 

机构地区：[1]乐山师范学院化学与生命科学学院,乐山614004 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [3]德国联邦农业科学院农业技术与生态系统工程研究所,布伦瑞克39116

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2011年第10期212-217,共6页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：中德合作项目“中国农业、养殖业和城镇有机废弃物资源化”(德国联邦科技部:FKZ:0330847A-H,中国科技部:2009DFA32710);国家自然科学基金“基于氮素损失原位控制的堆肥中GHG形成机理及减排研究”(40971177);广东省中国科学院全面战略合作项目:有机废弃物快速好氧堆肥技术及工程示范(2010A090100035-07)

摘　　要：为明确冬季条垛堆肥过程中温室气体排放规律和主要影响因素,以猪粪和玉米秸秆为原料,研究了冬季条垛式堆肥过程中翻堆和覆盖作用对温室气体和氨气排放的影响。试验结果表明,在冬季堆肥高温期能维持2周以上,达到良好的卫生化效果;而在腐熟期堆体温度迅速下降,微生物活性停滞,堆肥腐熟进程受抑制。初始总有机碳的0.14%～0.76%以CH4损失,NH3和N2O的挥发则分别占到了初始总氮的10.3%～29.5%和0.81%～3.93%。数据分析结果显示,翻堆能够显著减少堆肥化过程中N2O和CH4排放,但增加NH3的排放。覆盖能够减少NH3的挥发,增加甲烷的排放,对N2O排放的影响不显著。The effect of turning and covering on greenhouse gas and NH3 emissions during the composting of pig faeces was evaluated in this paper.Chopped cornstalk was used as bulking agent and carbon source.Results showed that the heat created by the degradation would maintain the compost piles at thermophilic phases more than 3 weeks to ensure the sanitation effect.But the cold weather would freeze the pile when the degradable carbon was exhaust,then caused the maturation cease.About 0.14%-0.76% of initial carbon was lost as CH4,and the NH3 and N2O emissions accounted the initial nitrogen 10.3%-29.5% and 0.81%-3.93% respectively.Statistic analysis showed that the turning could decrease the N2O and CH4 emission,but increase the NH3 losses significantly.Covering could increase the CH4 production,decreased the NH3 losses,but could not affect the N2O emission significantly.

关 键 词：温室气体 堆肥 翻堆 氨气 覆盖 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学]