职业人群工作紧张对高血压患病影响的横断面研究  

Association between job strain and the prevalence of hypertension in Shanghai:a cross-sectional study

作　　者：吴金贵[1] 庄祖嘉[1] 卢国良[1] 唐传喜[1] 钮春瑾[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海市长宁区疾病预防控制中心,上海200051

出　　处：《中国预防医学杂志》2011年第10期865-869,共5页Chinese Preventive Medicine

基　　金：上海市长宁卫生局科研基金项目(2007307001)

摘　　要：目的探讨职业人群工作紧张与高血压患病的关系,为高血压的预防提供依据。方法采用横断面研究方法,调查上海城区2 458名20~63岁职业人群。工作紧张评估采用中文版工作内容问卷（JDC）与工作付出-回报（ERI）问卷,同时调查社会人口与行为因素。多因素非条件logistic回归分析工作紧张与高血压患病的关系。结果在控制了年龄、受教育程度、职业、高血压家族史、吸烟、饮酒、锻炼与活动状况、BMI潜在混杂因素后,男性高工作紧张、高工作付出-回报失衡是高血压患病的危险因素;女性低工作控制、高工作付出、中/高工作付出-回报失衡是高血压患病的危险因素。职业分层分析结果显示：教师、社区医护人员、研究人员、公交车驾驶员高血压患病更易受工作紧张的影响。结论工作紧张可能增大职业人群高血压患病的风险,某些职业人群高血压患病更易受职业紧张影响。Objective To explore the association between the prevalence of hypertension and job strain in working population,and estimate this association in different occupational strata.Methods A cross-sectional study was applied to investigate 2 458 Shanghai residents aged 20~63 years,who engaged in 7 occupations.Job strain was measured with Chinese versions of Karasek Job Demand-Control（JDC） and Siegrist Effort-Reward Imbalance（ERI） questionnaires.The prevalence of hypertension was determined by clinical diagnosis.Association between job strain and the prevalence of hypertension was analyzed with unconditional multiple logistic regression model adjusted by confounders.Results Hypertension was associated with high job strain（OR：1.86,95% Cl：1.17-2.93） and high effort-reward imbalance（OR：1.75,95% Cl：1.07-2.87） in male,and with low job control（OR：2.01,95% Cl：1.09-3.07）,middle/high effort-reward imbalance（OR：2.23,95% Cl：1.30-4.05;OR：3.33,95% Cl：1.70-6.51） and high effort（OR：2.38,95% Cl：1.34-4.22）in female,after adjusting for age,occupation,education level,family history of hypertension,cigarette smoking,alcohol intake,physical activity and BMI.Stratified analysis showed significant excess risks in the occupations of teachers,bus drivers,community physicians and nurses.Conclusion The findings provided some proof that job strain is related to hypertension in Shanghai working population.Some occupational groups may be more vulnerable to the hypertensive effects of job strain.

关 键 词：高血压 工作紧张 横断面研究 

分 类 号：R544.1[医药卫生—心血管疾病]