不同灌水模式对冬小麦籽粒产量和水、氮利用效率的影响  

Effects of different irrigation modes on winter wheat grain yield and water- and nitrogen use efficiency

作　　者：门洪文[1] 张秋[1] 代兴龙[1] 曹倩[1] 王成雨[1] 周晓虎[1] 贺明荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学农学院作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2011年第10期2517-2523,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2009CB118602);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103030)资助

摘　　要：在田间试验条件下,以冬小麦品种泰农18为材料,设置灌底墒水(CK)、底墒水+拔节水(W1)、底墒水+拔节水+越冬水与灌浆水交替灌溉(越冬/灌浆水交替灌溉模式,W2)、底墒水+拔节水+开花水(优化传统灌溉模式,W3)、底墒水+越冬水+拔节水+灌浆水(传统灌溉模式,W4)5种灌溉模式,每处理每次灌水量均为600m3·hm-2,研究了山东泰安偏旱年份(2009—2010年)不同灌溉模式对小麦籽粒产量、水分利用效率和氮素利用效率的影响.结果表明:在小麦全生育期119.7mm降水量条件下,越冬/灌浆水交替灌溉模式(W2)与传统灌溉模式(W4)籽粒产量差异不显著,但水分利用效率显著高于传统灌溉模式,与灌水量相同的优化传统灌溉模式(W3)相比,其小麦籽粒产量明显提高,水分利用效率无显著差异;越冬/灌浆水交替灌溉模式和传统灌溉模式的氮肥偏生产力最高,且籽粒收获后越冬/灌浆水交替灌溉模式在0～100cm土层的硝态氮积累量显著高于传统灌溉模式和优化传统灌溉模式,降低了硝态氮的淋溶损失.在本试验条件下,越冬/灌浆水交替灌溉模式(W2)是可以兼顾小麦籽粒产量、水分利用效率和氮素利用效率的最佳灌溉模式.Taking the widely planted winter wheat cultivar Tainong 18 as test material, a field experiment was conducted to study the effects of different irrigation modes on the winter wheat grain yield and water- and nitrogen use efficiency in drier year （2009-2010） in Tai’an City of Shandong Province, China. Five treatments were installed, i.e., irrigation before sowing （CK）, irrigation before sowing and at jointing stage （W1）, irrigation before sowing and at jointing stages and at over-wintering stage with alternative irrigation at milking stage （W2）, irrigation before sowing and at jointing and flowering stages （optimized traditional irrigation mode, W3）, and irrigation before sowing and at over-wintering, jointing, and milking stages （traditional irrigation mode, W4）. The irrigation amount was 600 m3·hm-2 one time. Under the condition of 119.7 mm precipitation in the winter wheat growth season, no significant difference was observed in the grain yield between treatments W2 and W4, but the water use efficiency was significantly higher in W2 than in W4. Comparing with treatment W3, treatments W2 and W4 had obviously higher grain yield, but the water use efficiency had no significant difference. The partial factor productivity from N fertilization was the highest in W2 and W4, and the NO3--N accumulation amount in 0-100 cm soil layer at harvest was significantly higher in W2 than in W3 and W4, suggesting that W2 could reduce NO3--N leaching loss. Under the conditions of our experiment, irrigation before sowing and jointing stages and at over-wintering stage with alternative irrigation at milking stage was the optimal irrigation mode in considering both the grain yield and the water- and nitrogen use efficiency.

关 键 词：冬小麦 灌水模式 籽粒产量 水分利用效率 氮素利用效率 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]