麦季间作伴矿景天对不同土壤小麦—水稻生长及锌镉吸收性的影响  

Effects of intercropping Sedum plumbizincicola in wheat growth season under wheat-rice rotation on the crops growth and their heavy metals uptake from different soil types

作　　者：赵冰[1,2] 沈丽波[2] 程苗苗[2] 王松凤[2] 吴龙华[2] 周守标[1] 骆永明[2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学生命科学学院重要生物资源保护与利用安徽省重点实验室,安徽芜湖241000 [2]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室,南京210008

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2011年第10期2725-2731,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向项目(KSCX2-YW-G-053);国家自然科学基金重大国际合作项目(40821140539)资助

摘　　要：采用黑龙江黑土、河南潮土和浙江水稻土等我国粮食主产区典型土壤开展盆栽试验,研究小麦/伴矿景天间作、水稻轮作模式下Zn、Cd超积累植物伴矿景天对当季小麦和后茬水稻生长及重金属吸收性的影响,探索粮食作物主产区污染土壤边生产边修复技术的可行性.结果表明:麦季间作伴矿景天,土壤硝酸钠提取态Zn、Cd浓度较小麦单作处理显著提高,间作处理下水稻土、潮土与黑土的提取态Zn较单作处理分别提高55%、32%和110%,水稻土与黑土提取态Cd较单作分别提高38%和110%,潮土的提取态Cd与对照处理没有差异.间作处理水稻土、潮土和黑土上小麦地上部重金属浓度是单作处理的1.1～1.9倍.麦季间作伴矿景天对后茬水稻生长及其地上部重金属吸收性无显著影响,虽然后茬水稻糙米中Cd含量仍高于0.2mg·kg-1的"食品中污染物限量"标准,但种植过伴矿景天处理的水稻糙米重金属与前季单作小麦处理相比呈下降趋势.表明通过伴矿景天/小麦-水稻的间作和轮作种植模式,可吸取修复污染土壤中有害重金属,降低后茬水稻的食物链风险.A pot experiment with heavy metals- contaminated black soil from Heilongjiang Province, alluvial soil from Henan Province, and paddy soil from Zhejiang Province was conducted to study the effects of intercropping Sedum plumbizincicola in wheat growth season under wheat （Triticum aestivum）-rice （Oryza sativa） rotation on the growth of the crops and their heavy metals uptake, aimed to explore the feasibility of simultaneous grain production and heavy metals- contaminated soil phytoremediation in main food crop production areas of this country. Comparing with monoculture T. aestivum, intercropping S. plumbizincicola increased the soil NaNO3-extractable Zn and Cd significantly, with the increment of extractable Zn in test paddy soil, alluvial soil, and black soil being 55%, 32% and 110%, and that of extractable Cd in test paddy soil and black soil being 38% and 110%, respectively. The heavy metals concentration in T. aestivum shoots under intercropping S. plumbizincicola was 0.1-0.9 times higher than that under monoculture T. aestivum, but the intercropping had little effects on the rice growth and its heavy metals uptake. Though the Cd concentration in rice grain after S. plumbizincicola planting was still higher than 0.2 mg·kg-1 （the limit of Cd in food standard）, it presented a decreasing trend, as compared with that after monoculture T. aestivum. Therefore, intercropping S.plumbizincicola in wheat growth season under wheat-rice rotation could benefit the phytoremediation of heavy metals- contaminated soil, and decrease the food-chain risk of rotated rice.

关 键 词：粮食作物 伴矿景天 间作 轮作 重金属 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S511