三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐致肾脏损害的实验研究  

An experimental study on renal damage induced by melamine cyanurate

作　　者：于管天[1] 廖松柏[2] 于永刚[2] 武英杰[2] 刘为池[2] 廖桂祥[2] 刘刚[2] 

机构地区：[1]南方医科大学研究生院,广州510515 [2]解放军181医院泌尿外科,广西桂林541002

出　　处：《解放军医学杂志》2011年第10期1053-1056,共4页Medical Journal of Chinese People's Liberation Army

摘　　要：目的研究三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐对大鼠肾脏的毒性作用。方法 SD大鼠90只,随机分为200、400mg/kg三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐组和对照组,每组30只。三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐组分别给予200、400mg/kg三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐灌胃,对照组则给予2ml无菌蒸馏水灌胃,每天1次,连续60d。各组随机选定6只大鼠用代谢笼收集前7d的24h尿液,进行24h尿量和24h尿酸排泄量测定及尿沉渣涂片检查。各组分别于灌胃第4、14、31、45、60天随机处死6只大鼠进行血肌酐、尿素氮、尿酸、血清胱抑素水平测定,并观察肾组织病理改变及晶体形成情况。结果与对照组比较,200mg/kg三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐组大鼠尿量增多(P<0.05),而400mg/kg三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐组大鼠尿量仅在第7天时低于对照组(P<0.05)。随着药物剂量的增高及时间延长,三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐组大鼠血清胱抑素逐渐升高,而血尿酸浓度逐渐降低(P<0.05)。200mg/kg三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐组从第31天、400mg/kg三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐组从第4天测得尿素氮、血清胱抑素、肌酐升高(P<0.01)。第2天开始三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐组尿沉渣涂片发现特异性晶体。200mg/kg三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐组给药第31天以及400mg/kg三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐组给药第4天解剖发现大鼠肾脏开始出现病理改变。结论一定剂量三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐连续灌胃可使大鼠肾脏内形成三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐晶体,并在晶体形成前导致肾小球滤过功能受损,此晶体堵塞肾小管可造成肾脏损害甚至急性肾衰竭。此外,三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐具有一定的利尿作用,可影响尿酸代谢,降低血尿酸的浓度。Objective To explore the nephrotoxicity of melamine cyanurate in SD rats.Methods Ninety SPF SD rats were randomly assigned into 3 groups（30 each） according to the doses of melamine cyanurate they received（0,200,400mg/kg）,which were repectively given daily by gavage for 60 consecutive days.Six rats in each group were confined in metabolism cages for the first week,and urine samples were collected over a 24h period.Before drug administration,the blood samples and kidney pathology were evaluated in 6 rats of each group on day 4,14,31,45 and 60 to determine serum creatinine,blood urea nitrogen（BUN）,serum uric acid and serum cystatin C.Results The urine volume of rats was significantly higher in 200mg/kg group than in normal controls（P0.05）,while no statistical difference was found between 400mg/kg and control group.After administration of melamine cyanurate,the levels that of serum cystatin C increased significantly,while that of serum uric acid decreased markedly,as compared with the control group（P0.05）.Significantly higher levels of BUN,serum cystatin C and creatinine were found in 200 mg/kg group（30-60 days） and 400mg/kg group（4th day） compared with that of control group（P0.01）.On the 2nd day,specific crystals were found in the urinary sediment smears of melamine cyanurate group.The pathological changes in kidney included yellow discoloration and edema of the organ in 200mg/kg group（since 31st day） and 400mg/kg group（since 4th day）.Examination of pathological sections showed that there was deposition of a number of yellow,semi-transparent and concentric round crystals in renal tubules.Conclusions Administration of melamine cyanurate by gavage may induce crystal formation and cause renal dysfunction.Meanwhile,melamine cyanurate may have some diuretic function,thereby influence the metabolism and decrease the concentration of uric acid in blood.

关 键 词：三聚氰胺氰尿酸盐 肾功能衰竭 肾结石 尿酸 

分 类 号：R692[医药卫生—泌尿科学]