装载机变速器高频噪声产生机理与对策  

Mechanism and Strategies for Squeals in Transmissions of Wheel Loaders

作　　者：梁志达[1] 罗玉军[1] 司徒德蓉[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西工学院汽车工程系,广西柳州545006

出　　处：《广西工学院学报》2011年第3期67-70,共4页Journal of Guangxi University of Technology

基　　金：广西教育厅项目(200807MS109)资助

摘　　要：针对装载机变速器出现尖啸噪声的情况,对其进行了试验测试与分析.从噪声频谱的结构特征判断出变速器噪声主要源于齿轮振动,尖啸噪声是输出轴上大齿轮摩擦自激振动的结果.由于齿轮尖啸噪声产生的机理不同于啮合冲击产生的噪声,因此不能依靠改进结构和提高精度来降低尖啸噪声.根据产生尖啸噪声的摩擦学条件,提出改进齿轮润滑油的摩擦特性,通过减小对齿轮的摩擦激励来降低尖啸噪声的策略.在基础润滑油中加入一定成分和比例的添加剂,制成能够减小齿轮表面静、动摩擦系数之差的齿轮润滑油,能降低齿面摩擦力变化带来的冲击,达到降低尖啸噪声的目的.Experimental measurements were conducted to analyze squeals in transmissions of wheel loaders. The characteristics of the noise spectrum indicate that transmission noise mainly originates from vibrations of gears, and the squeal was a result of friction self-excited vibration of the gear assembled on the output shaft. As the generating mechanism of squeal is different from the noise generated by gear meshing impact, it can not rely on the improve- ments of structure and accuracy to reduce the squeal. According to the tribological conditions of the squeal generat- ing, a strategy of improving the friction characteristics of gear lubricant was proposed so as to cut down the friction excitations on gears. New lubricant was obtained by mixing basic oil with some additives with a certain ratio. This lubricant has a characteristic of minimizing the differential between static and kinetic friction coefficient, which can reduce the impacts produced by variation of friction on gears surfaces, and achieve the aim of reducing squeals.

关 键 词：变速器 尖啸噪声 齿轮 摩擦激励 润滑 

分 类 号：TU623.9[建筑科学—建筑技术科学]