通用施肥模型及其应用  

Universal Fertilization Model and Its Application

作　　者：侯彦林[1] 

机构地区：[1]农业部环境保护科研监测所,天津300191

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2011年第10期1917-1924,共8页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金(农业部环境保护科研监测所)资助项目(2011-WN-8)

摘　　要：基于生态平衡施肥理论和多年实践,建立了通用施肥模型及其若干应用模式。(1)不进行秸秆还田情况下,当Wj≥Wi时的通用施肥模型表达式为"肥料转化率+肥料离土率+肥料培肥率=1";当Wj<Wi时的通用施肥模型表达式为"土壤-肥料转化率+土壤-肥料离土率=1"。(2)进行秸秆还田情况下,当Wj≥Wi时的通用施肥模型表达式为"肥料经济产量转化率+肥料离土率+肥料培肥率=1";当Wj<Wi时的通用施肥模型表达式为"土壤-肥料经济产量转化率+土壤-肥料离土率=1"。基于以上理论和方法,分别对肥料长期定位试验、示踪试验、普通肥料田间试验、轮作栽培模式情况下的通用施肥模型进行了讨论;并介绍了参数计算过程。根据实际工作需要,对通用施肥模型进行了简化,分别定义了土壤-化肥养分生物产量转化率、土壤-化肥养分籽粒产量转化率两个参数和相应的施肥模型。最后简介了通用施肥模型多年实践情况。Universal model and its application modes were established based on the ecological balanced fertilization theory and many practices.（1）When Wj≥Wi,the universal model is ＂fertilizer yield＋fertilizer leave rate＋fertilization rate=1＂ under no straw returning;when WjWi,the universal fertilization model is ＂soil-fertilizer yield＋soil-fertilizer leave rate=1＂ under no straw returning.（2）When Wj≥Wi,the universal model is ＂fertilizer yield of economic yield ＋fertilizer leave rate＋fertilization rate =1＂ under straw returning;when WjWi,the universal fertilization model is ＂soil-fertilizer yield of economic yield ＋soil-fertilizer leave rate=1＂ under straw returning.Based on the theories and methods,universal fertilization models in long-term fertilizer experiment,tracing experiment,common fertilizer experiment and rotation cultivation pattern were discussed;parameter calculation process was introduced.In order to make it practical,universal model was simplified,the parameter of soil-chemical nutrient biomass conversion rate,soil-chemical nutrient seed yield conversion rate and corresponding fertilization model were defined.Universal fertilization model in many years＇ practice situations were introduced finally.

关 键 词：通用施肥模型 应用 肥料转化率 肥料经济产量转化率 生态平衡施肥 

分 类 号：S147.21[农业科学—肥料学]