哈尔滨市3～5岁城区儿童忽视状况及影响因素分析  

Current situation and influencing factors of child neglect among urban children aged 3-5 years in Harbin

作　　者：陈素芬[1] 解雅春[1] 王志明[1] 乔素贞[1] 王忠清[1] 张慧颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨医科大学公共卫生学院儿少卫生与妇幼保健学,黑龙江150086

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2011年第9期1063-1065,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：黑龙江省卫生厅项目(2009-223)

摘　　要：目的了解哈尔滨市城区儿童忽视状况及其相关因素,为制定相应的干预措施和政策提供依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对哈尔滨市城区8所幼儿园1 048名3～5岁儿童的家长用"中国3～6岁城区儿童忽视状况评价问卷"进行问卷调查。结果哈尔滨市3～5岁城区儿童总忽视率为34.9%,各年龄组间差异有统计学意义(χ2=9.724,P<0.05);忽视总分和忽视度分别为92.1,33.7,各年龄组间差异有统计学意义(F=7.818,P<0.05);男、女忽视率分别为33.7%和36.3%(χ2=0.637,P>0.05),忽视总分和忽视度男童分别为93.8,34.4,女童分别为90.4,33.1,性别间差异均无统计学意义。单因素分析显示,影响儿童忽视的危险因素有家庭气氛、养育者的气质类型及近1 a孩子主要与谁一起生活。Logistic回归分析显示,影响儿童受到忽视的因素有家庭氛围、近1 a孩子主要与谁一起生活。多元线性逐步回归分析显示,影响儿童忽视度的因素有家庭氛围、养育者的气质类型。结论哈尔滨市城区3～5岁儿童忽视率较高,应重视家庭气氛、养育者气质等方面对儿童忽视的影响。Objective To study the status and the influencing factors of child neglect among children aged 3-5 in Harbin, and to provide evidence for the prevention measure. Methods A total of 1 048 families with children aged 3-6 years were sampled randomly from 8 kindergartens of Harbin city by stratified and cluster sampling. They were investigated by Evaluation Questionnaire of Child Neglect of Urban Children Aged 3-6 Years in China. Results The total neglect rate of urban children aged 3-5 years in Harbin was 34.9%, and the neglect rate had statistically significant differences between age groups（x^2 = 9. 724, P〈0.05 } ; The neglect score and neglect degree were 92.1 and 33.7 respectively, and there were significant differences between the groups （ F=7. 818 ,P〈0.05 ） ; The neglect rate of male and female children were 33.7% and 36.3% respectively （x^2 = 0. 637 ,P〉0.05 ） ; The neglect score and neglect degree were 93.8/34.4 and 90.4/33.1 respectively （ t= 1. 071 ,P〉0.05 ）. The results of mono-factor analysis showed that these risk factors interrelated with child neglect were family atmosphere, temperament type of the fi）sterer and with whom the child lives with primarily in the past year. Logistic regression analysis indicated that these risk factors affected with child neglect degree had family atmosphere and with whom the child lived with primarily in the past year. Multiple linear regression showed that the influencing factors to the degree of child neglect was family atmosphere. Conclusion The neglect degree among children aged 3 to 5 in the urban areas of Harbin is high, and we should pay attention to the family atmosphere, temperament type of the fosterer and other factors which have important influences on children.

关 键 词：虐待儿童 因素分析 统计学 儿童 城市 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R395.6[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]