不同耕作方式对黑土农田土壤温湿效应的影响  

Impact of Different Tillage Methods on Black Soil Temperature and Humidity in Northeast China

作　　者：陈学文[1,2] 张晓平[1] 梁爱珍[1] 贾淑霞[1] 时秀焕[1,2] 范如芹[1,2] 魏守才[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所,吉林长春130012 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049

出　　处：《大豆科学》2011年第5期764-768,共5页Soybean Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(40801071);"十一五"国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2009BADB3B01);中国科学院知识创新工程重要方向资助项目(KZCX2-EW-QN307)

摘　　要：2005～2007年以中层黑土土壤为研究对象,研究免耕和秋翻处理对黑土农田土壤温湿效应的影响。结果表明:不同耕作处理对春季播种期土壤含水量影响较大,玉米田和大豆田免耕处理分别显著高于秋翻6.2%和6.6%。在玉米抽雄期,玉米田和大豆田2种耕作处理条件下土壤含水量均没有显著差异,但与秋翻相比,免耕保持了较好的耕层土壤水分。春季播种期耕层免耕处理的土壤温度明显低于秋翻。对玉米出苗期到抽雄期玉米田和大豆田土壤温度动态监测表明:5、10和15 cm免耕处理土壤温度均小于秋翻,并且在5和15 cm处达到差异显著性水平(P<0.05)。免耕由于秸秆覆盖抑制水分蒸发,对保持土壤墒情具有重要作用,秸秆腐烂后能增加土壤有机质含量,有利于提高土壤的持续生产能力。The impact of no tillage（NT）and mouldboard plow（MP）on black soil temperature and humidity in northeast China were studied from 2005 to 2007.The result showed that tillage methods greatly affected soil moisture content in spring sowing stage.In the corn and soybean farmland,the soil moisture of NT was significantly higher than MP for 6.2% and 6.6%,respectively.In corn tasseling stage,there was no significant difference between two tillage methods in different crop farmland.Compared with MP,NT maintained a better soil moisture content level.Soil temperature under NT was significantly lower than MP in spring sowing stage.Effects of different tillage treatments on soil temperature from corn seedling to tasseling stage reflected that soil temperature under NT was less than MP in 5,10 and 15 cm soil horizons,and the difference reached the significant level in 5 cm and 15 cm（P0.05）.Crop residue played an important role in keeping soil moisture due to inhibition of water evaporation and decayed crop residue could increase soil organic matter content.NT treatment was beneficial in improving the sustainable production capacity of soil.

关 键 词：免耕 秋翻 黑土农田 土壤温湿效应 玉米 大豆 

分 类 号：S152.8[农业科学—土壤学]