小浪底水库拦沙后期库容恢复试验研究  

Experimental Study on Storage Recovery of Late Sediment-Retaining Period of Xiaolangdi Reservoir

作　　者：陈书奎[1] 马怀宝[1] 张俊华[1] 李昆鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]黄河水利科学研究院水利部黄河泥沙重点实验室,河南郑州450003

出　　处：《人民黄河》2011年第10期18-20,共3页Yellow River

基　　金：水利部公益性行业科研专项(200801024;200901015);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(HKY-JBYW-2007-09)

摘　　要：基于小浪底水库控制冲刷水位分别为210、220 m,12 d洪水过程,库区淤积量约为42亿m3及水库前期蓄水量3亿m3等条件,进行了2个组次的降水冲刷试验,对小浪底水库拦沙后期库容恢复情况进行了研究。结果表明:①洪水过程中,库区冲刷使得出库沙量大幅度增加,溯源冲刷作用大于沿程冲刷,干流冲刷量大于支流,库区下段冲刷量大于上段;②洪水过程中,库区干流主槽冲刷主要分为溯源冲刷和沿程冲刷两种形式,在时空分布上,两者或独立存在,或同时进行,库区自下而上冲刷幅度呈减小趋势,洪水过后干流纵比降增大;③洪水过后库容恢复情况为干流多、支流少,下段多、上段少,低位多、高位少。建议在小浪底水库拦沙后期调水调沙运用过程中,水库骤降水位相机排沙,以更好地恢复库容。Based on the control conditions of scouring level 210 m and 220 m respectively,12d flood duration,amount of sedimentation approximately 4.2 billion m3 and previous period water storage 0.3 billion m3,the two group of rainfall scouring tests were conducted to study storage recovery of late sediment-retaining period of Xiaolangdi Reservoir.The results show that： a） During the flood period,reservoir scouring makes outlet sediment volume increase substantially,headward erosion effect is greater than the streamwise erosion,stem scour is larger than tributaries and the downstream river scour is larger than the upstream river.b） During the flood period,stem channel scour type has headward erosion and streamwise erosion.In spatial distribution,both type scours exist independently or at the same time.From downstream to upstream,scour criterion decreases gradually.After flooding,stem longitudinal gradient increases.c） After flood,stem storage recovery is larger than tributaries,downstream river storage recovery is larger than upstream river,and lower level storage recovery is larger than higher level.We suggest,during water and sediment regulation of late sediment-retaining period of Xiaolangdi Reservoir,to sharply drop the reservoir level for better recovery of the reservoir storage.

关 键 词：实体模型 库容 拦沙后期 小浪底水库 

分 类 号：P333[天文地球—水文科学]