施肥对青岛市设施蔬菜产量、净产值及土壤环境的影响  

Effect of fertilization on yield,net income and soil environment in Qingdao protected vegetable production systems

作　　者：高峻岭[1] 宋朝玉[1] 王玉军[2] 唐继伟[2] 孙兆法[1] 张淑霞[1] 李祥云[1] 何金明[1] 

机构地区：[1]青岛市农业科学研究院,青岛266100 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2011年第6期1261-1267,共7页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-25-X-XX)资助

摘　　要：为进一步提高设施蔬菜的施肥效率,减少肥料成本和对环境的污染,对青岛市设施蔬菜施肥状况及其对产量、净产值和土壤环境的影响进行了研究。结果表明,设施黄瓜和番茄氮、磷、钾肥施用均明显过量。黄瓜N、P2O5、K2O年施用量分别为1 841.5 kg.hm-2、864.0 kg.hm-2和1 978.7 kg.hm-2,番茄N、P2O5、K2O年施用量分别为1 436.7 kg.hm-2、833.6 kg.hm-2和1 643.7 kg.hm-2。施肥中有机/无机肥料养分比例较为合理,重视了有机肥的施用。年度施用N、P2O5、K2O量及其总量对年度蔬菜产量、净产值有明显影响,存在着线性方程关系。随着年度施氮量的增加,土壤NO3--N含量明显增加,31.4%的农户设施蔬菜田土壤NO3--N含量居高和较高水平。土壤速效磷含量随年度施磷量的增加而增加,74.3%的农户设施蔬菜田土壤速效磷为高水平。68.6%的农户设施蔬菜田土壤为酸性和微酸性,有向酸性发展的趋势。生产中应适量减少氮、磷和钾肥投入,推广测土配方施肥、水肥一体化、秸秆生物处理等技术,促进青岛市设施蔬菜生产的可持续发展。To increase fertilizer use efficiency, reduce fertilizer cost and limit environmental pollution by fertilization, the study on effects of fertilizer application on yield, net income and soil environment in protected vegetable production systems in Qingdao were conducted. The study showed that excessive use of nitrogen （N）, phosphorus （P） and potassium （K） fertilizers in tomato and cucumber fields, with N, P205 and K20 average annual application rates of 1 841.5 kg·hm-2, 864.0 kg.hm 2 and 1 978.7 kg·hm-2 for cucumber; and 1 436.7 kg·hm-2, 833.6 kg·hm-2 and 1 643.7 kg-hm-2 for tomato, respectively. Organic manure and chemical fertilizers were applied at relatively reasonable rates, suggesting that much attention had been paid to the use of organic manure. Annual N, P205 and I（20 application rates had significant effects on annual yield and net income. Linear equations adequately explained the relationships of yield, net income with fertilizer application rate in the region. Soil nitrate-N content increased with increasing annual application rate of N. The protected vegetable fields of 31.4% farmer household had high or relatively high nitrate-N contents. Soil available P also increased with increasing annual P205 application rate. Similarly, 74.3% farmer household＇ protected vegetable fields had high soil available P content. Protected vegetable soils apparently acidified, 68.6% farmer household＇ protected vegetable field soil was acid or subacid, showing acidifying tendency. The results suggested that N, P205 and K20 application rates should drop. Also new techniques such as computerized fertilization, integrated water-fertilizer managements, bacteria treated straws, soil straw return, etc., should be popularized to ensure the development of sustainable protected vegetable production in Qingdao.

关 键 词：青岛 设施蔬菜 施肥量 产量 净产值 土壤环境 

分 类 号：S606[农业科学—园艺学]