气候变化对内蒙古东北部森林草原火灾的影响  

Influence of climate change on north-eastern of Inner Mongolia grassland forest fire

作　　者：李兴华[1] 武文杰 张存厚[1] 郭瑞清[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古生态与农业气象中心,呼和浩特010051 [2]内蒙古森林草原防火协调调度中心,呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《干旱区资源与环境》2011年第11期114-119,共6页Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技攻关项目(20070501)资助

摘　　要：近50年来,内蒙古东北部的年平均气温呈直线上升的趋势,年增温率为0.375℃/10a;多年平均降水量为399.5mm,最大值出现在1998年,增加率达21.27mm/10a;多年平均风速呈减小趋势,减小率为(0.20m/s)/10a。通过气侯变化状况与历史火灾次数的统计分析得出,在气候变暖的背景下,内蒙古东北部森林草原火灾次数从上世纪80年代初到1999年呈逐年递减趋势;2000年以后受高温干旱的影响,森林草原火灾呈逐年增加的趋势,尤其是森林火灾;引发森林草原火灾发生的火源雷击火和境外火次数明显增加,在人为火源中,吸烟和取暖做饭引发的火灾次数仍高居榜首;从地域分布上看,内蒙古东北部纬度高的地区气候暖干化的趋势比纬度低的地区明显;草原火灾的次数在减少,森林火灾的次数却在增加,尤其夏季雷击火灾的频次增加的更明显。In the recent 50 years,the annual average temperature ascended on a straight line upward trend in north-eastern of Inner Mongolia,the annual warming rate was 0.375℃/10a;Multi-annual average precipitation was 399.5mm,max-precipitation presented to 1998,rate of ascending was 21.27mm/10a;Multi-annual average wind velocity descended,rate of descending was 0.20 m/s/10a.Statistical analysis on climatic change and times of historical fires showed,times of fires decreased during 1980 and 1999,but after 2000 it increased with the time because of high temperature and drought,especially forest fires,in north-eastern of Inner Mongolia.Lightning fire and beyond the border burning were markedly increased.Most of severe fires were still artificial factors,especially smoking and House-warming.Thinking about the region distribution,area of higher latitude in north-eastern of Inner Mongolia became more warming than lower latitude;fires times of grassland decreased,but times of forest-fire increased,particularly lightning frequency increased obviously in summer.

关 键 词：气候变化 森林草原 火灾 

分 类 号：S762[农业科学—森林保护学]