应变强化奥氏体不锈钢力学行为研究及应用  

Study and Application on Mechanical Behavior of Austenitic Stainless Steels Based on Cold Stretching Technology

作　　者：韩豫[1,2] 陈学东[1,2] 刘全坤[1] 钱凌云[1] 陈从升[1] 

机构地区：[1]合肥工业大学,合肥230009 [2]合肥通用机械研究院国家压力容器与管道安全工程技术研究中心,合肥230031

出　　处：《中国机械工程》2011年第21期2633-2637,共5页China Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)资助重点项目(2009AA044802);浙江省自然科学基金资助项目(Y111068);安徽省教育厅自然科学基金资助项目(KJ2011B045)

摘　　要：针对奥氏体不锈钢塑性和韧性优良但屈服强度低的问题,提出采用应变强化工艺来提高奥氏体不锈钢的屈服强度。研究了应变强化工艺中的两个关键工艺参数——应变量和应变速率对材料力学行为的影响。对应变量的研究结果表明,将奥氏体不锈钢的应变强化量控制在10%左右,材料的屈服强度可以得到显著提高。由此可大幅减薄压力容器的设计壁厚,实现压力容器的轻型化设计。与此同时,在10%左右的形变量下,因形变诱发的马氏体量很少,材料仍保持了较好的塑性和韧性,为压力容器的安全设计提供了保证。对应变速率的研究结果表明,在准静态条件下,奥氏体不锈钢材料力学性能指标对应变速率不敏感,但过小的应变速率会导致材料出现锯齿形屈服,产生Portevin-Le Chatelier(PLC)效应。Cold stretching technique was proposed in order to overcome the disadvantages of low yield strength for austenitic stainless steel（ASS）.The key parameters for cold stretching were strain level and stain rate,and their influences on the material properties were investigated.Based on the control of different strain levels,the material parameters of strength,ductility and volume fraction of deformation-induced martensite were obtained.The results show that ASS＇s yield strength can be improved significantly by cold stretching technique and thus the wall thickness of pressure vessel can be substantially reduced.Meanwhile,ASS＇s ductility and toughness only to be minor affected,which will guarantee safe operation for pressure vessels.The test results also show that in the quasi-static conditions,the mechanical parameters of ASS are not sensitive to strain rate.However,too small strain rate will lead to occurrence of serrated yielding,which is called PLC effect.

关 键 词：应变强化 奥氏体不锈钢 屈服强度 轻型化 锯齿形屈服 Portevin-Le Chatelier(PLC)效应 

分 类 号：TH490[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TG142.25[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]