美国行政中心空间与规模特征及其成因研究  

SPATIAL AND SCALE CHARACTERISTICS OF ADMINISTRATIVE CENTER IN AMERICA AND ITS CAUSE OF FORMATION

作　　者：张杰[1] 崔银江[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学地理与环境科学学院,中国甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《经济地理》2011年第10期1618-1624,共7页Economic Geography

摘　　要：行政中心是行政区划的基本要素之一,行政中心尽量靠近地理中心对行政管理和促进区域发展平衡有积极的理论和现实意义。文章提出了行政中心与地理中心偏差的计算公式,运用空间统计分析方法结合Ar-cGIS软件,以美国为例,分析了美国县治与地理中心地理偏差的空间分布和数据特征以及州府与州最大城市的人口规模关系特征,总结了产生以上特征的自然、历史和政治上的原因,并运用空间可视化方法直观地显示分析结果。分析结果表明:①美国的县治普遍比较接近地理中心,其接近程度有由东部向西部递减的趋势且存在一定的空间集聚;②州府大多数并非州最大城市,人口较少。最后从行政中心区位选择和区域发展平衡两方面得出对中国的启示,为中国行政区划改革和区域经济发展提供借鉴。This article provides a calculation formula of the geographic deviation of administrative center from geographic center, and applies spatial statistic analysis method, like spatial autocorrelation analysis-Local Moran＇s I and Getis-Ord G^＊-combines with GIS software, take the USA as an illustration, first of all, analyses the data, space distribution and trend of the geographic deviation of the country seats from the geographic centers, then analyses the population scale of state capital cities and the biggest cities, uses geovisualization to display the result. The results showed that： most of county seats in the United States are close to the geographic centers, and there is a trend of decreasing from east to west, and to a certain extent, there is spatial agglomeration in the proximity. Most of the capital cities are not the largest cities in the states, and relatively speaking their population is very small, the ranks of the capital cities are also relatively low. Then, analyses the causes of those characteristics of administrative centers, there are some natural, historical and political reasons. Finally, there is enlightenment to China, this study provides reference for Chinese administrative division reform, first when choosing a new capital or relocating a capital, it＇s important to select a position as near the geographic center as possible; most capitals in China are primate cities, so the governments should take measures to promote the development of non-primate city, it is also important to transform the governmental functions.

关 键 词：行政区划 行政中心 空间统计分析 空间自相关 美国 

分 类 号：F292[经济管理—国民经济]