内蒙古典型草原马粪分解特征  

Decomposition characteristics of horse dung in Inner Mongolia typical steppe

作　　者：刘新民[1] 陈海燕[1] 峥嵘[1] 乌云[1] 阿仁高娃[1] 王润润[1] 

机构地区：[1]内蒙古师范大学生命科学与技术学院,呼和浩特010022

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2011年第11期2465-2471,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40761016)资助

摘　　要：2008年6月—2009年9月,采用人工堆置于地表和埋入地下2种处理方法,研究了内蒙古典型草原马粪的分解特征。结果表明:在一块面积约47hm2草场中,自由放牧100匹纯血马的情况下,马粪月输入量约为48.8kg.hm-2,年输入量为277.1kg.hm-2;人为控制的野外分解实验表明,马粪分解中质量损失主要发生在0～60d,损失率为45.0%,之后损失率变化较小;鲜马粪中有机物总量为77.0%,分解60d和330d减少到48.7%和28.3%;鲜马粪中氮素以有机态为主,矿化和释放速度较慢;而磷素以无机态为主,释放速度较快。马粪埋入地下处理,可以消除风蚀和放牧牲畜践踏对粪块的破碎作用,同时改变了水蚀作用对粪中养分浓度的影响,但对有机质矿化无明显作用。From June 2008 to September 2009, a field experiment was conducted to study the decomposition characteristics of horse dung in Inner Mongolia typical steppe. The dung pats were deposited on the ground surface and buried into soil at a depth of 10 cm. In a paddock with an area of about 47 hm2 and 100 pursang horses free-grazing, the inputs of horse dung were 48.8 kg . hm ^-2per month and 277. 1 kg . hm-2 per year. The horse dung decomposition mainly occurred in the initial period of the experiment （0-60 days）, with a mass loss rate of 45.0%. After this period, there was a slight variation of the mass loss. The total organic matter content in fresh horse dung was 77.0%, and decreased to 48.7% and 28.3% at the 60th and 330th days of the experiment, respectively. The nitrogen in fresh horse dung was mainly in organic form, and its mineralization rate and release rate were lower. In contract, the phosphorus in fresh horse dung was mainly in inorganic form, and its release rate was higher. Burying horse dung pats into soil eliminated the fragmentation of the pats by wind erosion and livestock＇ s trampling and mitigated the impact of water erosion on the nutrient concentrations in the pads, but had little effects on their organic matter decomposition rate.

关 键 词：内蒙古典型草原 马粪 氮素 磷素 分解 

分 类 号：S812.4[农业科学—草业科学]