多功能磁性纳米粒的合成、修饰及生物医学应用  

Multifunctional Magnetic Nanoparticles: Synthesis,Modification and Biomedical Applications

作　　者：杜凯[1] 朱艳红[1] 徐辉碧[1] 杨祥良[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中科技大学生命科学与技术学院国家纳米药物工程技术研究中心,武汉430074

出　　处：《化学进展》2011年第11期2287-2298,共12页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.308800960);国家重大科学研究计划(973)项目(No.2007CB935800)资助

摘　　要：多功能磁性纳米粒由于其独特的性质而受到广泛的关注。磁性纳米粒可以与荧光探针、生物靶向分子或抗肿瘤药物等相结合实现磁性纳米粒的多功能化,因此在多模式成像、癌症的靶向诊断与治疗中有较好的应用前景。本文介绍了磁性纳米粒的合成以及多功能磁性纳米粒的构建方法,重点介绍了核壳型、哑铃型和组合杂化型三种不同类型多功能磁性纳米粒的合成方法。多功能磁性纳米粒通常具有粒径小、超顺磁性以及荧光等独特性质,在此基础上对纳米粒表面进行稳定化和靶向性修饰后即可在多模式成像、特异性靶向药物输送、基因转染等生物医学领域得到应用。最后指出了当前研究中需要解决的问题。Due to their unique characteristics including superparamagnetic or fluorescent properties and small size comparable to biomolecules,multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles（MFMNPs） have emerged as novel bioimaging,diagnostic and therapeutic agents in biomedical field.The combinations of various nanostructured materials with different propeties and magnetic nanoparticles（MNPs） can offer synergetic multifunctional nanomedical platforms,which make it possible to accomplish multimodal imaging and simultaneous diagnosis and therapy.This review summarizes the synthesis of MNPs and fabrication of MFMNPs,especially focuses on the three types of MFMNPs——core/shell MFMNPs,dumbbell MFMNPs and multicomponent hybrid nanoparticles.Furthermore,to perform real-time monitoring and drug treatment with high accuracy in vivo,stabilizing modification and target modification of MFMNPs are needed to enhance the stability of MFMNPs in physiological environment and localize MFMNPs in the special area in vivo.This paper reviews the general strategies for surface modification of MFMNPs and biomedical applications of these MFMNPs for multimodal imaging,target-specific drug delivery,gene transfection and so on.The development of MFMNPs fusing multiple fluorescent dyes,drugs,and MNPs into a single nanoprobe should provide superior fluorescent,enhanced magnetic resonance imaging（MRI） contrast,and targeted delivery capabilities.Finally,problems to be solved in the current research are also pointed out.

关 键 词：磁性纳米粒 多功能 表面修饰 生物医学应用 

分 类 号：O611.4[理学—无机化学] O614.81[理学—化学]