热电极技术在电化学传感器中的应用  

The Application of Heated Electrodes in Electrochemical Sensors

作　　者：陈毅挺[1] 黄露[1] 林棋[1] 

机构地区：[1]闽江学院化学与化学工程系,福州350108

出　　处：《化学进展》2011年第11期2377-2388,共12页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.20905034);福建省青年人才创新项目(No.2010J05029);福建省教育厅科技项目(No.JA10222;JB09188);福建省高校杰出青年科研人才培育计划资助

摘　　要：热电极技术是使用电流直接或间接加热微电极,通过控制施加电流的时间和大小来调节电极表面的温度。电极加热时可以只提高电极表面温度,而溶液的整体温度并不改变。由于温度对电化学反应速率、物质的扩散和对流均有影响,使用热电极技术可以减少背景噪音、提高检测的灵敏度与重现性。因此,热电极技术因其简单的加热设备、更高的检测灵敏度和更低的电极污染效应,在电化学分析领域引起了普遍关注。本文介绍了热电极技术的发展概况、工作原理、电极设计思路、电极温度的测量与控制、电极种类以及在电化学检测系统、电致化学发光检测系统、流动注射安培检测系统、毛细管电泳/芯片-电化学/电致化学发光检测系统中的相关应用。最后展望了该技术的发展趋势。The heated electrode technology which directly or indirectly heats the electrodes by applying an electric current could regulate the temperature of the electrodes by controlling the time and strength of the applied electric current.Its obvious advantage is that the electrode temperature could be elevated rapidly while keeping the solution temperature almost unchanged.Since the temperature has effects on the electrochemical reaction rate,diffusion and convection,this kind of electrodes could reduce the background noise,improve the detection sensitivity and reproducibility.Owing to their simple heating equipment,higher detection sensitivity and lower pollution,the heated electrodes have aroused great attention in electrochemical（EC） analysis.This article briefly introduces the recent developments in heated electrodes,including their working principles,electrode design,types,measurements and controls of electrode temperature,as well as the application of heated electrodes in the electrochemical,electrochemiluminescence（ECL）,flow-injection amperometric detection systems,and capillary electrophoresis（CE） and CE-chip with EC/ECL detectors.Finally,the development trends and prospects of the heated electrode technology are discussed.

关 键 词：热电极 电化学 电致化学发光 传感器 

分 类 号：O657.1[理学—分析化学] TP212.2[理学—化学]