效应引导的污染物分析与识别方法  

Development and Application of Effect-Directed Analysis in Environmental Research

作　　者：曲广波[1] 史建波[1] 江桂斌[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境化学与生态毒理学国家重点实验室中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《化学进展》2011年第11期2389-2398,共10页Progress in Chemistry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(No.20890111;20931160427);科技部创新方法工作专项(No.2008IM041300)资助

摘　　要：识别环境样品中主要贡献污染物有助于确定环境风险的来源,是环境治理的前提。单一的化学分析和生物学检测方法常常遗漏主要贡献污染物的信息。效应引导的污染物识别(effected-directed analysis,EDA)是以生物检测引导组分分离、化学分析与污染物鉴定的实用方法,是环境风险评价以及环境样品中主要贡献污染物筛查与识别的有力手段。该方法已成功用于环境中遗传毒物、内分泌干扰物和芳香烃受体效应污染物等污染物的鉴定,为特定污染地区贡献污染物及其来源的确定提供了宝贵的基础数据。本文综述了EDA中所应用的样品提取、分离策略、生物效应检测以及贡献化合物的识别方法,总结了近年来以EDA为手段在环境中识别的效应污染物并对目前EDA应用所存在的问题与未来的发展趋势进行了分析。Environmental samples are often contaminated with complex mixtures of different chemicals and pose a thread to human health.It might thus be difficult to decide which chemicals are the key causative toxic pollutants in environmental sample.Risk assessment based on concentration of target chemicals monitored by chemical analysis may not correctly reflect the hazards in the environment due to the negligence of unknown active chemicals and combined effects.Using biological assay on complex mixtures extracted from environmental samples is able to evaluate the total toxicity,but can not provide further information of the specific chemicals inducing the observed toxicity.In order to solve these problems,effect-directed analysis/identification（or bioassay-directed analysis/identification）（EDA/EDI）,a comprehensive approach integrating sample extraction,fractionation,biological assay and chemical identification,has been developed and successfully applied to determine the contaminants responsible for the measured toxicity in environmental samples.In the last three decades,EDA has been used to identify numerous key causative genetic toxicants,endocrine disruptors and aquatic toxicants in contaminated sites or living environment.In addition,numerous novel pollutants were found using EDA.In this paper,the methodology including the sample extraction,fraction strategies,important biological endpoints and chemical identification methods are reviewed.The new chemicals discovered with EDA from the environment,the limitations and perspectives of EDA development are also discussed.

关 键 词：效应引导的分析 效应引导的污染物识别 环境污染物分析 环境风险评价 新污染物 

分 类 号：O656[理学—分析化学] X132[理学—化学]