高原或低氧训练提高平原运动能力非血液学机制的思考  

On the Non-hematological Mechanisms of Improved Sea-Level Performance after Altitude/Hypoxic Training

作　　者：徐飞[1] 胡扬[2] 

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学体育科学研究所,杭州310023 [2]北京体育大学科学研究中心,北京100084

出　　处：《西安体育学院学报》2011年第6期704-709,共6页Journal of Xi'an Physical Education University

基　　金：北京市教委重点实验室开放性课题(2007TY010)

摘　　要：研究揭示在低氧或高原训练后,平原运动能力提高的主要机制是红细胞数和质量的增加引起的最大摄氧量提高。但低氧训练提高运动成绩除了血液学机制外,还可能经由非血液学机制获得:可能是由HIF-1在分子水平上所驱动的各种反应,也可能包括训练效率的提高,涉及到肌细胞内生物能和能量置换过程的偶联,从而引起线粒体效率提高以及肌肉pH调节和缓冲能力的增强等;还可能与骨骼肌内UCP3含量的变化有关,UCP3含量变化可影响跨线粒体膜的质子漏和氧化效率。综述了低氧训练引起运动成绩提高的非血液学机制,以期为丰富低氧训练方法和相关科学实验提供新的思路和参考。Many studies show that the dominant mechanism which improves performance at sea level is due primarily to an accelerated erythropoietic response, leading to an increase in red cell mass and maximal oxygen uptake （ VO2max）. Other studies show that, however, improvements in sealevel performance after hypoxic training are not solely dependent on hematological mechanism. Some specific beneficial non-hematological factors include driven by HIF-1 form molecular level, improved muscle efficiency and greater muscle buffering probably at a mitochondrial level. Another probability may be related to changes in UCP3 content within the skeletal muscle to attenuate proton leakage across the mitochondrial membrane and im- prove efficiency of metabolic oxidation. The authors review the non-hematological mechanisms of improved sea-level performance after hypoxic training, so as to supply some new reflections for hypoxic training methods and critical experiments.

关 键 词：高原或低氧训练 运动能力 非血液学机制 

分 类 号：G804.7[文化科学—运动人体科学]