行为决策中的默认效应  

Default Effect in Behavioral Decision Making

作　　者：黄宝珍[1] 徐富明[1,2] 王岚[1] 马向阳[1] 吴修良[1] 

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学心理学院暨湖北省人的发展与心理健康重点实验室,武汉430079 [2]中国科学院心理研究所,北京100101

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2011年第11期1675-1683,共9页Advances in Psychological Science

摘　　要：默认效应指的是当存在默认选项时,人们决策时倾向于保留默认选项而不做出改变的一种现象。这种现象广泛存在于器官捐献政策、退休金储蓄计划和消费决策等领域并在这些领域中有巨大的应用价值。目前,研究者主要从损失规避、质询理论、暗含的推荐和神经心理机制四个方面解释默认效应的形成机制。默认效应还受到努力成本、默认选项的框架和个人经验等因素影响。未来的研究可以从深入探讨默认效应的产生根源、加强其跨文化研究以及拓展其应用领域这三个方面来展开。Default effect refers to a phenomenon that people tend to maintain the default and do not change the choice in decision making. Default effect widely exists in organ donations, retirement savings plans, consumer decision and other decision-making fields and has great application values in these fields. Currently, there are four ways for researchers to illustrate the formation mechanism of default effect： loss aversion, query theory, implicit recommendations and neural psychological mechanism. The factors to influence default effect include such as follows： effort, the framing of default and personal experience. Further research on default effect needs to deeply investigate our understanding of its causes, to strengthen cross-cultural research and to expand its application values.

关 键 词：默认效应 损失规避 质询理论 暗含的推荐 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C93[哲学宗教—心理学]