欧洲的国家豁免立法与实践——兼及对中国相关立场与实践的反思  

On the Legislation and Practice of State Immunity in European Countries

作　　者：杨玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学国际法学院

出　　处：《欧洲研究》2011年第5期132-148,8,共17页Chinese Journal of European Studies

基　　金：作者主持的2011年度国家社会科学基金项目<国际商事仲裁中的国家豁免问题研究>(项目批准号:11CFX075)的阶段性成果;"上海市教育委员会重点学科建设项目资助(国际法学)J51103"的成果之一

摘　　要：近代国际法的发展以欧洲大陆为中心展开,最早有关国家豁免的实践来自欧洲,国家豁免的两大理论发展———绝对豁免论和限制豁免论也先后起源于欧洲。二战后至今,尽管英国、法国、德国为代表的欧洲国家有关国家豁免的立法和实践尚未统一,但《欧洲国家豁免公约》、《联合国国家及其财产管辖公约》以及欧洲人权法院的实践为各成员国规则和实践的统一提供了规则基础和方法论。欧洲大陆正在形成一种区域性的国家豁免政策。中国作为参与世界经济交往的重要国家,不能脱离于上述理论与实践发展之外。绝对坚持绝对豁免论不利于中国国家利益和国家财产的保护,可在理论上适当采纳限制豁免论,实践中发展国家豁免例外的规则。The development of modern international law is centered around the European continent.Not only the earliest practice,but the two major theories of state immunity originated from Europe.Since World War II,although no uniform legislation and practice of state immunity have been formed in Europe,the 1972 European Convention on State Immunity,the 2004 United Nations Convention on Jurisdiction Immunities of States and their Property and the practice of the European Court of Human Rights have provided uniform rules and methodology for all the European countries.A regional policy on state immunity is thus taking shape on the European continent.As one of the most important actors in world economy,China cannot keep itself outside such development.Absolute immunity is not conducive to our national interests nor to the protection of state property.The solutions lie in adopting restrictive immunity in theory,developing exception rules of state immunity in practice and making legislation as soon as possible within the scope of international obligations under the UN Convention.

关 键 词：国家豁免 绝对豁免论 限制豁免论《欧洲国家豁免公约》《联合国国家及其财产管辖豁免公约》 

分 类 号：D99[政治法律—国际法学]