基于生态环境保护视角的土地整理生态效益评价——以成都市三河镇土地整理项目为例  

Evaluation of Ecological Benefits of Land Arrangement Projects from the Perspective of Environmental Protection: A Case Study in Sanhe Town in Chengdu City

作　　者：丁向华[1,2] 姜照勇[2] 罗良伟[1] 王永志[1] 廖春花[1] 王挺之[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川大学旅游学院,成都610064 [2]西南石油大学资源与环境学院,成都610500

出　　处：《资源科学》2011年第11期2055-2062,共8页Resources Science

摘　　要：目前对土地整理项目的评价多见于经济效益和社会效益的评价,对其生态效益的评价较少,且已有的对其生态效益的评价多是从土地整理前后农业生产条件是否改善等角度出发,很少从生态环境保护的视角对其进行评价。基于此,论文从生态环境保护的视角选取评价因子,结合平原地区的实际情况和特尔菲法,选取土壤状况、景观格局和环境服务功能等3项作为二级评价指标,选取土壤有机质含量指数、土体厚度指数、景观丰富度指数、植被覆盖指数和生物丰度指数等5项作为三级评价指标,据此构建生态效益评价体系,并运用归一化法等对评价指标进行量化;最后,以成都市三河镇土地整理项目为例,对评价体系进行验证。结果表明,其主要评价指标在土地整理前后土壤状况指数分别为44.51、46.88;景观格局状况指数分别为32.59、32.40;环境服务功能状况指数分别为38.68、38.53;土地整理前后的生态效益指数分别为39.49、40.34。这表明,通过土地整理,其生态效益总体增加了,但景观格局状况指数和环境服务功能指数都有所下降。三河镇的土地整理项目主要是以提高土层厚度和土壤有机质含量为目标,在增加耕地面积上取得了显著成果,但在优化生态结构,保护生态环境上所做的工作还很少,这与实际情况是相符的,表明构建此生态效益评价体系是合理的,可用于实际当中的一些土地整理项目的生态效益评价。Evaluation of land arrangement projects places more emphasis on the economic efficiency and social efficiency; however its ecological benefit has been paid less attention. The study selected evaluation factors from the viewpoint of environmental protection, i.e., soil condition, landscape pattern, and environmental service function, by taking into account the situations of plain regions. The content of soil organic matter index, soil thickness index, and landscape diversity index were selected as the secondary evaluation index. Each evaluation index was quantized using the normalization method. The evaluation system was applied to evaluate the land arrangement project in Sanhe Town of Chengdu City. Results show that the evaluation indicators before and after the land arrangement were 46.88 and 44.51 for the soil condition index, 32.40 and 32.59 for the landscape pattern condition index, 38.53 and 38.68 for the environmental service function condition index, and 40.34 and 39.49 for the ecological efficiency index, respectively. This suggests that the economic benefit was increased by land consolidation, even though landscape abundances and environmental service function were reduced. In general, the ecological benefit was increased, which seems to be accordant with reality. The main aim of the land consolidation project was to improve soil depth and soil organic matter content; it has made remarkable achievements in increasing cultivated areas but much effort needs to be made to optimize the ecological structure and protecting the environment. During the course of land consolidation, people gradually realized that land consolidation can not only increase the land area, but also be important to reserve biodiversity and maintain the ecological balance for sustainable development of land resources in the future. From the ecological perspective, the land consolidation activity itself is a process of disturbing the existing ecological balance and building a new balance of ecosystems. As the leading role of land managem

关 键 词：生态环境保护 土地整理 生态效益评价 成都市三河镇 

分 类 号：X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F301[经济管理—产业经济]