环境约束下的中国工业用水效率研究——基于中国13个典型工业省区2003年-2009年数据  

China's Water Use Efficiency of Industry under Environmental Constraints Based on Data of 13 Industrial Regions during the Period 2003 to 2009

作　　者：岳立[1] 赵海涛[1] 

机构地区：[1]兰州大学经济学院,兰州730000

出　　处：《资源科学》2011年第11期2071-2079,共9页Resources Science

基　　金：甘肃省科技厅软科学计划项目:"兰州市大气污染的价值损失评估与优化途径研究"(编号:0805ZCRA090);兰州大学中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目:"低碳经济模式下的城市发展问题研究"(编号:09LZUJBWZY031)

摘　　要：水污染已成为制约经济社会发展的重要因素之一。工业作为中国经济发展的重要支柱,提高工业水污染日益严重背景下的工业用水效率对于保证我国经济可持续发展意义重大。论文基于考虑非期望产出的方向性环境距离函数(DEDF),选取中国13个典型的主要工业省区2003年-2009年数据,以工业从业人数、工业资本存量和工业水供给量为投入指标,工业产值和污染物(COD、氮氨)排放量为期望产出和非期望产出指标计算了这13个省区的工业用水效率。研究发现,考虑污染物后工业省区在生产前沿上的数目增加且用水效率高于不考虑的情形;中国工业用水效率、规模收益整体上呈递增趋势,但地区间存在差异:东部地区比其它地区有更高的工业用水效率,北方地区的工业用水效率明显高于南方地区,只有广东、上海两省市在整个研究时段内是规模报酬不变的;接着采用Malmquist-Luenberger(ML)指数分解法得出中国工业用水效率提高的主要驱动因素是效率变化率,而技术进步对用水效率的作用不明显的重要结论,从而为今后提高工业用水效率提供了针对性的决策依据。Industrial water pollution has been a key factor restraining the development of economy and society. One way to resolve this problem depends on controlling water pollution and improving the relative efficiency of water use. Industry is the main pillar of China＇ s economy. Improving the efficiency of industrial water use is significant for maintaining the sustainable development of China＇ s economy and society. As such, water pollutants should not be ignored when assessing industrial water use efficiency. The directional environmental distance function （DEDF） in which the non-expected output is accounted for seems to be a useful tool to properly assess industrial water use efficiency under water pollution conditions. Using the DEDF, data of China＇ s typical major industrial provinces from 2003 to 2009 were selected, with taking factors of the number of employees, capital stock, and annual water supply of industry as the input indicators, and the industrial production and COD and ammonia nitrogen emissions as the undesirable output indicators to analyze the water use efficiency of industry. It was found that 1） after taking into consideration the influence of industrial pollutants on the input and output, the number of China＇ s main industrial provinces on the production frontier markedly increases and the industrial water use efficiency estimated is significantly higher than the case of not considering the influence of industrial water pollutants; 2） Most provinces＇ industrial water use efficiency and gains of scale showed an increasing trend, but there were differences among regions. Shanghai and Guangdong were neither decreasing, nor were they increasing over the period. The states of Tianjin and Shandong were not evidently stable. Third, the Malmquist-Luenberger （ML） index and decomposition of entries indicate that improvement in the water efficiency of China＇ s industry plays a fundamental role in changes in efficiency. In addition, throughout the period 2003-2009, the provinces＇ aver

关 键 词：中国主要工业省区 方向性环境距离函数 工业用水效率 ML指数 环境约束 

分 类 号：TU991[建筑科学—市政工程]