关中原区油菜机械直播技术研究  

Experimental research on rape seeders in Guanzhong area

作　　者：黄耀明 余建国 闫小丽[2] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省宝鸡市农机管理推广中心,陕西宝鸡721006 [2]西北农林科技大学机械与电子工程学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农林科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2011年第10期228-234,共7页Journal of Northwest A&F University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：陕西省农业科技攻关项目(陕农机办(2008)129号)

摘　　要：【目的】对气吸式、窝眼式和海绵式3种具有不同排种器形式的油菜播种机的作业质量进行对比研究。【方法】在关中原区油菜大面积种植区域选择具有代表性的试验区,采用单因素试验和大田试验,对3种播种机的作业质量和可靠性等进行检测,并对机械播种和人工撒播的作业成本进行经济核算。【结果】油菜机播的适宜土壤含水率为20%～30%,适宜播深为1cm。气吸式播种机的最佳播量为1.5～2.0kg/hm2,窝眼式播种机的最佳播量为3.0～3.5kg/hm2,海绵式播种机的最佳播量为4.5～5.0kg/hm2。气吸式播种机的作业质量最好,最节约种子;其次是窝眼式和海绵式。油菜机播较人工撒播节约种子,降低成本达50%以上。【结论】建议小规模的农户选用窝眼式油菜播种机,合作社、种植大户适宜选用气吸式油菜播种机。【Objective】 The operation quality of three rape seeders with different metering,sponge disc friction metering,alveolar metering and pneumatic metering was tested in this paper.【Method】 Typical experimental area,operation quality and reliability of three rape seeders were tested by using single factor experiments,land trial and controlled trial.And both operation cost of mechanical seeding and manual seeding were also calculated.【Result】 The suitable soil moisture was from 20% to 30% and the best seeding depth was 1 cm using mechanical seeding.The optimized seeding quantity for the pneumatic rape seeder,alveolar rape seeder and the sponge disc friction rape seeder was respectively between 1.5 to 2.0 kg/hm2,3.0 to 3.5 kg/hm2,4.5 to 5.0 kg/hm2.Operation quality of the pneumatic rape seeder was the best and it also needed least seeds compared with the others.The alveolar rape seeder was next and the sponge disc friction rape seeder was worse.Mechanical rape seeding would save over 50% operation cost compared with manual seeding.【Conclusion】 The paper suggested that the alveolar rape seeder is suitable for farmers with small land,but for farmers with large land or professional cooperatives the pneumatic rape seeder is better.

关 键 词：关中原区 油菜 机械直播 

分 类 号：S634.304.7[农业科学—蔬菜学]