水分调控对小麦光合特性和产量性状的影响  

Influence of Different Water Supply on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Winter Wheat

作　　者：李向东[1] 张德奇[1] 郭瑞[1] 季书勤[1] 王汉芳[1] 吕凤荣[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院小麦研究中心河南省小麦生物学重点实验室,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2011年第10期24-27,共4页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B07)

摘　　要：在自动控制干旱棚内的水泥池里采取足墒播种、拔节后控制降雨并进行灌水处理的方法,研究了不同时期灌水对小麦旗叶叶绿素(SPAD值)、光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明,花后旗叶叶绿素含量随着灌水次数的增加而增加,W2(灌拔节水、孕穗水)和W3(拔节水、孕穗水、灌浆水)处理比对照W0(不灌水)在扬花期、灌浆初期、灌浆中期分别增加了15.9%、5.3%、5.9%和10.0%、5.0%、6.4%。小麦旗叶光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率在扬花期的变化与灌水无明显相关关系,进入灌浆期后随灌水次数的增加而提高,在灌浆中期,W2、W3比W04个指标分别增加了33.8%、37.0%,11.8%、15.6%,7.9%、10.6%,18.9%、19.5%,差异显著,W2和W3间差异不显著。W2处理的旗叶叶片水分利用效率最高,比对照高16.6%。随着灌水次数的增加产量逐渐提高,W1、W2、W3比W0分别增加了1.9%、7.6%和8.1%。综合考虑,在足墒播种和返青前具有较好土壤墒情条件下,拔节期和孕穗期2次灌水的光合效率、水分利用效率和经济效益最佳。Pond experiment was conducted to study the effect of water supply on photosynthetic characteristics,leaf water use efficiency（WUE） and grain yield of winter wheat.The result showed that the post-anthesis leaf chlorophyll content of the flag leaf increased by increasing the irrigation times,W2（irrigation at jointing and spiking stages） was 15.9%,5.3% and 5.9% higher and W3（irrigation at jointing,spiking and grain-filling stages） was 10.0%,5.0% and 6.4% higher than W0（CK,no irrigation） at blossom stage,preliminary grain-filling stage and middle grain-filling stage.However,no significant difference was observed in post-anthesis leaf chlorophyll content of the flag leaf between W2 and W3.Irrigation had no influence on photosynthesis rate（Pn）,stomata conductance（Gs）,intracellular CO2 content（Ci） and transpiration rate（Tr） at anthesis,but showed significant influence on Pn,Gs,Ci and Tr at grain-filling stage.The Pn,Gs,Ci and Tr of W2 and W3 were significantly higher（33.8% and 37.0%,11.8% and 15.6%,7.9% and 10.6%,and 18.9% and 19.5%）than those of W0 at middle grain-filling stage.No significant difference was observed in Pn,Gs,Ci and Tr of the flag leaf between W2 and W3 at middle grain-filling stage.W2 led to the highest leaf water use efficiency among all the irrigation treatments,which was 16.6% higher than W0.The grain yield was increased by increasing the irrigation times,and the grain yield of W1,W2,W3 were 1.9%,7.6% and 8.1% higher than W0.The results suggested that irrigation at jointing and spiking stages was the best irrigation strategy for winter wheat if the soil had sufficient water supply at sowing and reviving stages.

关 键 词：小麦 灌水次数 光合特性 水分利用效率 产量 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S311