土壤耕作深度对旱地冬小麦生长和水分利用的影响  

Effects of Tillage Depth on Winter Wheat Growth and Water Use in Dry Land

作　　者：闫惊涛 康永亮 田志浩 

机构地区：[1]禹州市农业技术推广中心,河南禹州461670

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2011年第10期81-83,共3页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家"863"节水农业重点项目(2006AA100215);河南省重大社会公益性科研项目(081100911600)

摘　　要：为提高旱地中低产田不同耕层养分和降水的利用率,在禹州市旱作农业区开展了不同耕层深度（0、10 cm、20 cm、30 cm）对小麦生长和增产效应的影响研究。结果表明,与铁茬播种相比,随着耕层深度增加,小麦春季群体增加72.0万-184.5万株/hm2,单株次生根增加5.0-20.7条,叶面积系数增加0.3-1.8。同时,小麦生育期延长3-7 d。从而对小麦成产因素和产量产生积极影响,穗数增加24万-63万穗/hm2,穗粒数增加2.1-8.2粒,千粒重提高1.2-5.9 g,小麦产量增加16.2%-52.5%,降水利用率提高1.43-4.65 kg/（mm.hm2）,并以耕深30 cm效果最好。由此可见,深耕可以改善土壤蓄水能力,提高降水利用效率和作物产量。To improve the topsoil nutrient and precipitation utilization in the mid-low-yielding fields in dry land,the effect of different topsoil depths（0,10 cm,20 cm,30 cm）on wheat growth and yield was studied in dry farming area in Yuzhou.The results showed that the wheat group in spring increased by 7.20×105-1.845×106 seedlings/ha with topsoil depth increased,the secon-dary roots increased by 5.0-20.7 pieces per plant,and the index of leaf area increased by 0.3-1.8.And the maturity extended 3-7 d.Therefore,the production factors and yield were in-fluenced positively：the panicles increased by 2.4×105-6.3×105 per hectare,the number of grains increased by 2.1-8.2,the 1000-grain weight increased by 1.2-5.9 g,and the yield of winter wheat increased by 16.2%-52.5%.The efficiency of precipitation utilization was increased by 1.43-4.65 kg/（mm·ha）,and the best one was under the treatment of 30 cm tillage depth.In conclusion,deep plowing could improve soil water storage capacity and improve the yield and the efficiency of precipitation utilization.

关 键 词：旱地 深耕 冬小麦 产量 水分利用 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]