西藏红拉雪山滇金丝猴的夜宿地与夜宿树选择  

Selection of sleeping sites and sleeping trees by black-and-white snub-nosed monkeys(Rhinopithecus bieti) in Honglaxueshan National Nature Reserve,Tibet

作　　者：向左甫[1,2] 肖文[3] 霍晟[3] 

机构地区：[1]中南林业科技大学生命科学与技术学院,长沙410004 [2]中国科学院昆明动物研究所,昆明650223 [3]大理学院东喜马拉雅生物多样性研究所,大理671000

出　　处：《兽类学报》2011年第4期330-337,共8页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30870375;31071937);国家林业公益性研究项目(201104073);国家林业局野生动物保护与繁育资助项目

摘　　要：树栖灵长类动物要在夜宿地度过半生以上的时光,因此选择合适的夜宿地及夜宿树对其存活尤为关键。影响夜宿地以及夜宿树选择的主要因素是逃避天敌捕食,但对于栖息在温带森林的灵长类而言,还必须面对低温以及食物缺乏等因素的影响。2003年6月至2005年3月,采用跟踪猴群,记录夜宿地并依据地面粪便颗粒数确定夜宿树,在西藏红拉雪山自然保护区对小昌都滇金丝猴的夜宿地及夜宿树进行了研究。结果表明:在主要研究时间段196d夜宿地记录中猴群使用了101个夜宿地,使用2次以上的夜宿地有67个,夜宿162d。夜宿地全部位于针叶林中,冬季夜宿地主要分布在向阳、背风和低海拔处。比较重复利用夜宿次数多与夜宿次数少的树发现:夜宿多的树高大,底枝长,而与底枝高没有差异。比较夜宿和不过夜的树发现:夜宿树高大、底枝长。这些特点表明小昌都猴群夜宿地及夜宿树的选择可能受到逃避天敌和体温调节的影响。Arboreal primates spend about half their lives at sleeping sites;hence,selection of sleeping sites and sleeping trees are crucial for individual survival.We collected data on sleeping sites and sleeping trees for a group of the endangered snub-nosed monkey（Rhinopithecus bieti） at Xiaochangdu,Tibet,from June 2003 to March 2005.Sleeping sites were identified by keeping the monkeys in sight till they fall asleep.Sleeping trees were identified by feces on the ground in the sleeping sites.All sleeping sites were located in the conifer forest,with sunlight,wind shadow,and low altitude in winter.Sleeping trees were taller,larger in diameter at breast height,and had longer bottom branches than did non-sleeping trees.There was no significant difference in the height from the ground to the bottom branch between sleeping trees and non-sleeping trees.These results suggest that predation risk,thermoregulation and/or climate stresses might be the main determining factors in the selection of sleeping sites for this temperate primate species.

关 键 词：夜宿地 捕食压力 气候胁迫 滇金丝猴 体温调节 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]