风险容忍对飞行员驾驶安全行为的影响:风险知觉和危险态度的作用  

The Role of Risk Perception and Hazardous Attitudes in the Effects of Risk Tolerance on Safety Operation Behaviors among Airline Pilots

作　　者：姬鸣[1] 杨仕云 赵小军[1] 鲍旭辉[1] 游旭群[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学心理学院暨陕西省行为与认知神经科学重点实验室,西安710062 [2]中国南方航空公司航空卫生管理部,广州510405

出　　处：《心理学报》2011年第11期1308-1319,共12页Acta Psychologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委员会与中国民用航空局联合资助(61079004)

摘　　要：采用问卷法调查了257名中国航线飞行教员、机长和副驾驶,通过结构方程模型和层次回归分析探讨了风险容忍对飞行员驾驶安全行为的影响,以及在这一影响过程中风险知觉和危险态度所发挥的作用。结果发现:(1)风险容忍对飞行员驾驶安全行为具有显著的负向影响,高风险容忍飞行员的驾驶安全行为水平显著低于低风险容忍飞行员;(2)风险知觉在风险容忍对飞行员驾驶安全行为的影响过程中发挥了调节作用,即高水平的风险知觉削弱了风险容忍对飞行员驾驶安全行为的负向影响。(3)危险态度在风险容忍对飞行员驾驶安全行为的影响过程中发挥了完全中介作用,且这种中介作用的实现又受到风险知觉的调节,即危险态度对飞行员驾驶安全行为的影响是有调节的中介效应。Safety operation behavior is the non-technical skills of modern airline pilots behaved in implementing scheduled flights, which has been regarded as the importance safeguard to ensure flight safety. Previous research indicated that cognitive and personality various may influence unsafe operation and accident involvement in aviation. However, recently several researches have concluded that the majority of aviation safety campaigns aimed at influencing social cognition various such as attitudes and risk perception have failed. One reason may be that the role of personality characteristics often has been ignored when such campaigns are carried out. In aviation, risk tolerance is been usually regarded as a personality trait, which is the amount of risk that an individual is willing to accept in the pursuit of some goal and is an importance factor to influence flight safety. This present study attempts to integrate two of these research traditions, the personality trait approach and the social cognition approach, in order to understand the mechanisms underlying pilot＇ safety operation behaviors. Based on a sample of 257 commercial airline pilots came from China Southern Airlines Ltd. as college graduates with good physical and mental health, and four flight experts with the certificates of LOSA and CRM invited to conduct level evaluation on the actual safety operation behaviors of these airline pilots, the present study examined the associations between risk tolerance, risk perception, hazardous attitudes and safety operation behaviors among airline pilots in China used a self-administered questionnaire survey. Structural equation modeling analyses and hierarchical regression analyses were applied to detect the effects of risk tolerance on safety operation behaviors among airline pilots as well as the mediating role of hazardous attitudes and the moderating role of risk perception in the effects of risk tolerance. Results indicated that after controlling for the effects of age, educational level, position, and

关 键 词：飞行员 风险容忍 风险知觉 危险态度 驾驶安全行为 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学] C93[哲学宗教—心理学]