不同饲喂条件下犊牛胃形态发育的比较研究  

Comparative morphological study on calf stomach development under the different feeding conditions

作　　者：孔令强[1,2] 刘霞[1,2] 刘发央[1] 刘英[3] 罗玉柱[4,2] 杜晓华[3,2] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070 [2]甘肃省草食动物生物技术重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070 [3]甘肃农业大学动物医学院,甘肃兰州730070 [4]甘肃农业大学动物科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2011年第5期1-6,共6页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2009BAC53B06);甘肃省重点实验室建设计划项目(085RTSA004)

摘　　要：为探讨3种不同饲喂条件对犊牛胃形态发育的影响,选择新生的健康荷斯坦公犊牛15头,每5头1组,随机分为牛奶和犊牛料自由采食组(Ⅰ组)、牛奶和犊牛料按比例定量采食组(Ⅱ组)和全乳饲喂组(Ⅲ组),饲喂3个月后,用大体解剖学方法,对3组犊牛胃的黏膜上皮颜色、胃黏膜形态各胃室及质量、大小比例进行观察和分析比较.结果表明:Ⅰ组犊牛胃前胃黏膜上皮颜色较深,呈现深褐色或黑色,Ⅱ组与Ⅰ组基本相似,但瓣胃黏膜上皮颜色略浅,Ⅲ组前胃与皱胃黏膜上皮颜色则均为白色;Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组黏膜形态与成年牛胃基本一致,Ⅲ组前胃黏膜乳头略显退化,但皱胃比前2组发达;Ⅰ组、Ⅱ组瘤胃质量占犊牛胃总质量的比例较大,分别为52.76%和49.78%,接近胃总质量的一半,而Ⅲ组为40.42%,占胃总质量的相对比例较小.不同饲喂条件对犊牛胃的形态发育影响显著,全乳饲喂条件下犊牛的前胃发育受到明显抑制,而牛奶与犊牛料自由采食或定量采食条件下的犊牛胃形态发育基本正常.To study the morphological changes of calf stomach development under the different feeding conditions,fifteen heads of healthy Holstein male calf were chosen and divided into three groups randomly.GroupⅠ of calf were fed with milk and self-help calf starter feeding,groupⅡ with milk and limited calf starter feeding and groupⅢ with milk.Three months feeding experiments were carried out by three different feeding methods.Gastric mucosa epithelial color and morphological changes and weight size scale of three group calves were analysed by using gross anatomy method.The results showed that the color of forestomach gastric mucosa epithelial were both darker in groupⅠ and groupⅡ,presented dark brown or black.The morphological characteristics of gastric mucosa were basically coincided the literature of the stomach in adult cattle between the groupⅠ and groupⅡ,the stomach mucosa nipple of group Ⅲ had been degraded,but the development of Abomasum was better than the others.The rumen weight ratio of total weight calf stomach was respectively 52.76% and 49.78% in groupⅠ and groupⅡ,about half the total weight,and group Ⅲ,for 40.42% ratio.It is suggested that calf stomach morphological is remarkable under the different feeding conditions,forestomach of the whole milk feeding group development is restrained,and morphological development of free feed and quantitative gather the food group are basically normal.

关 键 词：犊牛 胃 发育 形态学 

分 类 号：S852.1[农业科学—基础兽医学]