健身锻炼心理预测因素与运动损伤的相关性研究  

Correlation Research of Psychological Predictor Factors and Sports Injury in Mass Fitness Exercise

作　　者：陈金鳌[1] 陆彩凤 王欣[3] 左弯弯[1] Jonathan R.Baldridge 

机构地区：[1]苏州大学体育学院,江苏苏州215021 [2]吴江市体育局体育科学研究所,江苏吴江215200 [3]盐城工学院体育与艺术教学部,江苏盐城224001 [4]莫瑞州立大学,美国肯塔基莫瑞42071

出　　处：《体育科学》2011年第11期27-34,共8页China Sport Science

摘　　要：目的：从运动心理学角度探讨大众健身人群风险认知、风险承担、运动能力判断、运动损伤经历等心理预测因素与运动损伤的相关性,同时测定以上因素对实际健身锻炼中运动损伤的预测效度,并探究其间的性别差异,旨在为进一步有效减少和预防运动损伤提供理论依据。方法：从健身俱乐部新入会的学员中,随机选取300名（男性150人,女性150人）年龄在26~35岁之间的健康成年志愿者组成实验组,进行为期12周,每周3~4次的健身锻炼。要求受试者在俱乐部每次锻炼前及时记录并提供风险认知、风险承担、运动能力判断及运动损伤经历等信息。利用运动损伤风险量表（RISSc）、风险承担行为量表（RTB）和李克特五级评分法（Likert-Type Scale）等对以上因素进行测试与评价。之后,对实验数据进行相关性分析、多元Logistic回归分析和多元方差分析等统计学处理。结果：1）＂风险认知＂并不与＂风险承担＂或＂运动损伤＂呈负相关;2）低水平的＂风险认知＂和＂运动能力判断＂使锻炼者受伤风险显著增加,其比值比（ORs）区间为：3.79~7.95;3）＂运动能力高估＂与＂运动损伤＂呈正相关;4）＂运动能力判断＂与＂风险承担＂呈正相关;5）＂风险承担＂与＂运动能力高估＂、＂运动损伤＂或＂运动损伤经历＂之间不存在相关性;6）＂运动损伤经历＂与运动损伤之间也不存在相关性;7）女性的＂风险认知＂水平比男性高,＂风险承担＂水平比男性低;但在＂运动能力判断＂和＂运动能力高估＂上,并无性别差异,且随后男性和女性在健身锻炼中发生的运动损伤量较为接近。结论：1）健身锻炼心理预测因素中,＂风险认知＂不与运动损伤呈负相关;＂运动能力高估＂与运动损伤呈正相关;＂风险承担＂与运动损伤之间无相关性。2）低水平的＂风险认知＂和＂运动能力判断Objective：Not only to study on the correlation between psychological predictor factors of risk perception,risk taking,estimation of ability,previous injuries and sports injury in mass fitness group and to determine the predictive validity of these factors on sports injury in actual fitness training,but also to examine gender differences on these factors from the perspective of sports psychology,for the purpose of supplying the theoretical basis to further reduce and prevent sports injury effectively.Methods：To select 300（150 male,150 female） healthy volunteers aged 26 to 35 years as experimental subjects randomly from new members in fitness clubs.This prospective injury study set a 12-weeks fitness training program to them which consists 3~4 times a week.These subjects were asked to provide information included self-reported risk perception,risk taking,estimation of ability and previous injuries.Then make test and evaluation for these factors by Risk of Injury in Sport Scale（RISSc）,Risk-Taking Behaviors Scale（RTB） and 5-point Likert-Type Scale.Then make statistical analysis of the data by correlation,multivariate logistic regression and multivariate variance（MANOVAs）.Results：1） Risk perception was not inversely related to risk taking or sports injury.2） Low levels of risk perception and estimation of ability were closely related to a significant increase in risk of injury,with odds ratios（ORs） ranging from 3.79~7.95.3） The relationship between overestimation of ability and sports injury was positive.4） Estimation of ability was also positively related to risk taking.5） There was no direct relationship between risk taking and overestimation of ability,sports injury or previous injuries;6） There was also no direct relationship between previous injuries and sports injury;7） Females reported higher levels of risk perception and lower levels of risk taking than males.However,there were no gender differences on the factors of estimation of ability and overestimation of ability,an

关 键 词：健身锻炼 心理预测 风险认知 风险承担 运动能力判断 运动能力高估 运动损伤经历 运动损伤 性别差异 

分 类 号：G804.8[文化科学—运动人体科学]